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| | | | Turkey |
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| 481 BC |
| | | Xerxes I, renewing the campaign of his father Darius against the Greeks, leads a large army round the Aegean and through Thrace | |
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| 478 BC |
| | | The Delian League is formed for mutual defence, but also to liberate the Greek cities of Ionia from Persian rule | |
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| c. 466 BC |
| | | The Athenian general Cimon wins a spectacular victory over the Persians at the mouth of the Eurymedon River, in southwest Turkey | |
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| c. 460 BC |
| | | Herodotus, the 'father of history', writes his account of the Greco-Persian Wars from a vantage point in Asia Minor | |
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| 448 BC |
| | | In the Peace of Kallias the Persians acknowledge the independence of Greek Ionia, and agree not to bring their fleet into the Aegean | |
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| 414 BC |
| | | The Persians, renewing their interest in the Aegean, fund the Spartans in the building of a fleet to match that of Athens | |
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| c. 350 BC |
| | | Artemisia, widow of Mausolus, builds him a tomb at Halicarnassus so spectacular that his name provides a new word - mausoleum | |
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| 334 BC |
| | | Indulging in a moment of romantic tourism, Alexander visits Troy at the start of his Persian campaign | |
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| 334 BC |
| | | At the river Granicus, not far from Troy, Alexander defeats a Persian army employing many Greek mercenaries | |
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| 333 BC |
| | | At Issus, close to the Turkish border with Syria, Alexander defeats the Persian emperor Darius III, captures his family and treats them with courtesy | |
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