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| | | | Technology |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The great network of roads built by Darius I has at its centre the 2000-mile royal road from Susa to Sardis | |
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| c. 350 BC |
| | | The earliest description of a pulley appears in a Greek text | |
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| 312 BC |
| | | The first Roman road, the Via Appia, links Rome with Capua | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | To help the king of Syracuse extract water from the hold of a ship (so the story goes), Archimedes invents the screw now known by his name | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | Cement is in use for construction in Asia Minor, possibly developed first in Pergamum | |
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| c. 170 BC |
| | | Parchment is invented by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum, according to traditional accounts | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Phoenicians discover that a blob of molten glass can be puffed out to form a hollow vessel | |
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| 47 |
| | | Roman legions build the Fosse Way, a raised road with a ditch on each side stretching from Lincoln to Devon | |
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| c. 75 |
| | | Hero, a Greek scientist in Alexandria, devises various forms of steam engine | |
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| c. 75 |
| | | The dioptra, developed by Hero of Alexandria for surveying land, is an early form of theodolite | |
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