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| c. 550 BC |
| | | Croesus builds a spectacular temple at Ephesus in honour of Artemis, or Diana | |
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| 539 BC |
| | | Returning to Jerusalem, the Jews begin to rebuild the Temple | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Chinese I Jing, or 'Classic of Changes', is compiled as a book of divination | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | Darius I adopts Zoroastrianism as the religion of the Persian empire | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Magi, possibly converting from an earlier Iranian religion, become the priests of Zoroastrianism | |
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| c. 470 BC |
| | | Vardhamana, an Indian prince, leaves home to live as a beggar - at the start of the Jain religion | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The Greek historian Herodotus visits Egypt and provides, among many other details, an account of the process of mummification | |
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| c. 430 BC |
| | | Siddartha Gautama, a prince in Nepal, leaves home to become a wandering ascetic | |
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| c. 424 BC |
| | | Gautama Buddha preaches his first sermon, at Sarnath, setting out the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path | |
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| c. 424 BC |
| | | Gautama, after a night of meditation under a pipal tree at Buddh Gaya, is 'enlightened' and becomes the Buddha | |
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