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| | | | Palestine and Israel |
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| 722 BC |
| | | The Assyrians overwhelm the north of Israel and the ten northern tribes vanish from history - the majority of them probably dispersed or sold into slavery | |
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| c. 700 BC |
| | | Judah and Benjamin, together forming the kingdom of Judah, are the only two surviving tribes of Israel | |
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| 586 BC |
| | | After a long siege Jerusalem is taken by Nebuchadnezzar and the city, including Solomon's Temple, is destroyed | |
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| 539 BC |
| | | Returning to Jerusalem, the Jews begin to rebuild the Temple | |
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| 332 BC |
| | | Tyre, the only coastal city to offer serious resistance to Alexander, is taken and destroyed after a siege of seven months | |
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| 301 BC |
| | | Some 20 years after the death of Alexander the Great one of his generals, Ptolemy, extends his rule from Egypt to include Jerusalem | |
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| 168 BC |
| | | Antiochus IV places a statue of Zeus above the altar of the Temple in Jerusalem, provoking violent reactions from the Jews | |
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| 165 BC |
| | | The Jewish leader Judas the Maccabee captures Jerusalem and cleanses the Temple | |
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| 141 BC |
| | | Simon the Maccabee is appointed high priest of the Temple in Jerusalem, with the position declared hereditary in his family | |
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| c. 140 BC |
| | | The priestly Sadducees are confronted in the Sanhedrin by a new opposition party - the Pharisees | |
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