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| 586 BC |
| | | After a long siege Jerusalem is taken by Nebuchadnezzar and the city, including Solomon's Temple, is destroyed | |
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| 539 BC |
| | | Returning to Jerusalem, the Jews begin to rebuild the Temple | |
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| 301 BC |
| | | Some 20 years after the death of Alexander the Great one of his generals, Ptolemy, extends his rule from Egypt to include Jerusalem | |
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| 168 BC |
| | | Antiochus IV places a statue of Zeus above the altar of the Temple in Jerusalem, provoking violent reactions from the Jews | |
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| 165 BC |
| | | The Jewish leader Judas the Maccabee captures Jerusalem and cleanses the Temple | |
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| 141 BC |
| | | Simon the Maccabee is appointed high priest of the Temple in Jerusalem, with the position declared hereditary in his family | |
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| 63 BC |
| | | Pompey captures Jerusalem, bringing Judaea under Roman control | |
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| 20 BC |
| | | Herod the Great, king of Judaea, begins to build a spectacular new Temple for the Jews on the sacred mount in Jerusalem | |
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| c. 31 |
| | | Jesus rides into Jerusalem with a crowd of followers, then attacks the traders in the courtyard of the Temple | |
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| c. 31 |
| | | Jesus Christ is crucified, according to the accounts of his followers, outside the city wall of Jerusalem | |
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