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| c. 900 BC |
| | | Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America | |
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| c. 900 BC |
| | | La Venta replaces San Lorenzo as the capital city and cultural centre of the Olmecs | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | An Olmec sculptor creates the piece known today as the Wrestler | |
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| c. 400 BC |
| | | The Zapotecs create a great city at Monte Alban, continuing the Olmec culture | |
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| c. 300 BC - AD 100 |
| | | The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | The earth drawings of the Nazca people, known now as the Nazca Lines, are some of the largest works of art ever created | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | The Mochica develop a civilization, in the north of modern Peru, known for its realistic pottery sculpture | |
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| c. 150 BC |
| | | The earliest inscriptions in an American script are those of the Zapotecs, from about this period | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Maya independently develop the concept of place value in numbers, previously pioneered in Babylon | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Maya introduce a calendar which has a cycle of fifty-two years, known as the Calendar Round | |
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