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| c. 1740 BC |
| | | Shamshi-Adad I conquers the rich and ancient kingdom of Mari, and puts on the throne his son Yasmah-Adad | |
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| c. 1728 BC |
| | | Hammurabi inherits the relatively minor kingdom of Babylon | |
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| c. 1728 BC |
| | | Hammurabi begins a programme of conquest and coalition which will vastly extend the Babylonian empire | |
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| c. 1720 BC |
| | | The Code of Hammurabi gives a detailed picture of Babylonian law and society | |
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| c. 1720 BC |
| | | The Code of Hammurabi is the first surviving document to record the law relating to slaves | |
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| c. 1700 BC |
| | | Hammurabi, in the process of winning control over the whole of Mesopotamia, conquers the northern territories of Mari and Ashur | |
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| c. 1700 BC |
| | | Hammurabi destroys Mari (concealing for posterity an extraordinary cuneiform archive not discovered until 1933) | |
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| c. 1700 BC |
| | | More than 25,000 cuneiform tablets (unearthed since 1933 at Mari) provide a detailed account of Assyria in the late 18th century BC | |
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| c. 1700 BC |
| | | Ashur, or Assyria, sinks into almost a millennium of fluctuating but largely diminished fortunes | |
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| c. 1531 BC |
| | | Babylon is destroyed by the Hittites, invaders from Anatolia, but reestablishes itself in subsequent centuries | |
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