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| | | | Egypt |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | To ensure continued comfort in the afterlife, rich Egyptians have models placed in their tombs of the necessary servants and utensils | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Mentuhotep II wins control of all Egypt, establishing the period known as the Middle Kingdom | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The centre of power in Egypt moves to the interior, with the capital at Thebes rather than Memphis | |
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| c. 1850 BC |
| | | Wrestlers are painted on the walls of an Egyptian tomb, performing most of the holds and falls still in use today | |
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| c. 1750 BC |
| | | A mathematical papyrus, copied out by Ahmes, an Egyptian scribe, offers some of the world's first exam questions | |
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| c. 1700 BC |
| | | The biblical account suggests that around this period the Hebrews are a captive tribe in Egypt | |
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| c. 1630 BC |
| | | The Hyksos, arriving from the middle east, win control of Egypt and rule for a century | |
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| c. 1550 BC |
| | | Egyptian tombs include paintings of a kind to help the occupants in the next world, whether in the Book of the Dead or on the walls | |
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| c. 1540 BC |
| | | The New Kingdom begins in Egypt, bringing the most spectacular of all the dynasties | |
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| c. 1540 BC |
| | | The god Osiris, in his tall white headdress, represents in Egyptian tombs the idea of resurrection in the next world | |
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