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| | | | Inventions and discoveries |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | Yarns of spun cotton survive at Mohenjo-daro, one of the two great cities of the Indus civilization | |
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| c. 1500 BC |
| | | The Hittites, in Anatolia, are the first people to work iron - introducing what is later called the Iron Age | |
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| c. 1400 BC |
| | | The clepsydra, or water clock, is developed in Egypt | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | Iron reheated with carbon is found to be much harder, being transformed into steel | |
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| c. -850 BC |
| | | The technique of glazing pottery is discovered in Mesopotamia, though used at this stage only for decorative purposes | |
|  | Glazed Babylonian tiles
Fotofile CG
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| c. -800 BC |
| | | The earliest surviving sundial is in use in Egypt | |
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| 710 BC |
| | | The first known lock and key is fitted in the new palace of Sargon II at Khorsabad, in Assyria | |
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| 513 BC |
| | | The Chinese become the first people to cast iron, after developing a furnace which can reach a very high temperature | |
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| c. 350 BC |
| | | The earliest description of a pulley appears in a Greek text | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | To help the king of Syracuse extract water from the hold of a ship (so the story goes), Archimedes invents the screw now known by his name | |
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