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| | | Social and domestic |
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| c. 3500 BC |
| | Olives are cultivated in Crete and will provide, in the form of olive oil, one of the main staples of Mediterranean trade | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | The llama and the alpaca, two south American members of the camel family, are domesticated | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | Wheels are in use on carts, particularly where wood is easily available and the ground rough - as in the forests of Europe | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | On the steppes of central Asia tribesmen tame, breed and eventually ride horses | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | Oxen are given the heavy work of pulling the plough, previously done by men | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | The ass, until now roaming wild from northeast Africa to Mesopotamia, is domesticated in Egypt | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | Yarns of spun cotton survive at Mohenjo-daro, one of the two great cities of the Indus civilization | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | Some ninety royal servants, including soldiers, grooms and female musicians, are buried alive in the tomb of a royal couple at Ur | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | The water buffalo, domesticated somewhere in southeast Asia, features on the seals of the Indus civilization | |
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