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| | | | Arts |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | The Egyptians paint murals on the walls of tombs, designed to help the occupants in the next world | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | The pharaoh Narmer celebrates a victory with a sculpted relief showing his personal dominance over the enemy | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The sculptors of the Cyclades produce stylized and formal figures, mainly female, in white marble | |
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| c. 2620 BC |
| | | Imhotep creates the first pyramid - the 'step pyramid' at Saqqara - as a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser | |
|  | Saqqara
Fotofile CG
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The first and largest of the three great pyramids at Giza is built for the pharaoh Khufu, later known to the Greeks as Cheops | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The treasures found in the royal cemetery at Ur include a depiction of soldiers in copper helmets, armed with battleaxes | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | A small neolithic community builds a village at Skara Brae in the Orkneys, of stone houses with built-in stone furniture | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | A superb passage grave is built at Newgrange in Ireland | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The largest sculpture of the ancient world, a sphinx with the face of the pharaoh Khufu, is carved in situ at Giza | |
|  | Sphinx
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Knossos, and other such palaces, are built for dynasties in Minoan Crete | |
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