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| | | | Asia |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | Beer is brewed in Mesopotamia, where barley is an indigenous crop | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | Grapes are cultivated in the region of the Caspian see, where the grape vine Vitis vinifera is indigenous | |
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| c. 3800 BC |
| | | Copper is extracted from ore by smelting at various sites in Iran | |
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| 3761 BC |
| | | Later selected by Hebrew scholars as the date when the world began, this becomes the first year (AM 1) in Jewish chronology | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | Sumer develops as the first centre of Mesopotamian civilization | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | Writing is developed, at Sumer, as cuneiform script on clay tablets | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The lever is in use in both Mesopotamia and Egypt | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | On the steppes of central Asia tribesmen tame, breed and eventually ride horses | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Oxen are given the heavy work of pulling the plough, previously done by men | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Potters in Mesopotamia turn their pots on wheels | |
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