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| | | Technology |
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| c. 4400 BC |
| | The first evidence of a loom comes from this period in Egypt, but some simple method of holding the warp must be as old as weaving | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | In Mesopotamia, and on the grass steppes of southern Russia, oxen are used to pull heavy loads on sledges | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | A simple hand-held plough is in use in Egypt and Mesopotamia, at least 1000 years before a heavier version is pulled by oxen | |
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| c. 3800 BC |
| | Copper is extracted from ore by smelting at various sites in Iran | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | Writing is developed, at Sumer, as cuneiform script on clay tablets | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | An easily portable writing surface is developed, from the papyrus plant of the Nile | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | The lever is in use in both Mesopotamia and Egypt | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | Wheels are in use on carts, particularly where wood is easily available and the ground rough - as in the forests of Europe | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | Potters in Mesopotamia turn their pots on wheels | |
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| c. 2850 BC |
| | The Chinese discover that the cocoon of a certain worm can be unwound, spun as thread and then woven - thus creating silk | |
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