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| | | | Europe |
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| c. 16,000 years ago |
| | | The walls of the complex of caves at Lascaux in France are covered, over the years, with a vast number of paintings of animals | |
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| c. 15,000 years ago |
| | | The walls of Altamira, an extensive cave in Spain, are decorated with paintings and engraved images of horses, deer and above all bison | |
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| c. 6500 BC |
| | | The neolithic town of Khirokitia in Cyprus has a paved public street with lanes leading off to courtyards of round tent-like houses | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | A passage grave with a superb corbelled dome is constructed on the Île Longue off the southern coast of Brittany | |
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| c. 4000 BC |
| | | In Mesopotamia, and on the grass steppes of southern Russia, oxen are used to pull heavy loads on sledges | |
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| c. 3500 BC |
| | | Olives are cultivated in Crete and will provide, in the form of olive oil, one of the main staples of Mediterranean trade | |
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| c. 3250 BC |
| | | A neolithic herdsman dies high in the Alps - and is perfectly preserved in ice | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The sculptors of the Cyclades produce stylized and formal figures, mainly female, in white marble | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Wheels are in use on carts, particularly where wood is easily available and the ground rough - as in the forests of Europe | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The language of a single tribe in eastern Europe, as recently as 3000 BC, is the ancestor of all modern Indo-European languages | |
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