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| 1685 |
| | | James II succeeds to the throne in Britain and immediately introduces pro-Catholic policies | |
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| c. 1685 |
| | | Denis Papin, a French scientist working in England, demonstrates a pressure cooker fitted with a safety valve | |
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| 1685 |
| | | 400,000 Huguenots leave France after Louis XIV deprives them of their rights by revoking the Edict of Nantes | |
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| 1686 |
| | | English naturalist John Ray begins publication of his Historia Plantarum, classifying some 18,600 plants in 'mutual fertility' species | |
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| 1687 |
| | | Newton publishes Principia Mathematica, proving gravity to be a constant in all physical systems | |
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| 1687 |
| | | The Hungarian diet grants the Habsburg dynasty in Austria a hereditary right to the crown of St Stephen | |
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| 1688 |
| | | A son (the future 'Old Pretender') is born to James II, giving Britain a Catholic heir to the throne | |
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| 1688 |
| | | Aphra Behn's novel Oroonoko makes an early protest against the inhumanity of the African slave trade | |
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| 1688 |
| | | Sébastien de Vauban's socket bayonet is introduced in the French army | |
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| 1688 |
| | | English grandees invite William III of Orange and his wife Mary, daughter of James II, to claim the British throne | |
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