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| 260 BC |
| | | The new Roman fleet wins a decisive victory over the Carthaginians at Mylae, thanks largely to the 'raven' (corvus in Latin) | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The organ, using a mechanical device to pump air through a set of musical pipes, is invented in Alexandria by Ctesibius | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Archimedes (it is said) leaps out of his bath shouting eureka ('I have found it') when he perceives how to test for relative density | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Asoka, extending his rule over much of India, proclaims his Buddhist faith on pillars and in rock inscriptions | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The Chinese develop the crossbow, many centuries before its use in Europe | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The first alchemists, working in Alexandria, are also the world's first experimental chemists | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The digits known now as Arabic numerals make their first tentative appearance in India | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The Romans evolve a system of numerals which, until the end of the Middle Ages, is a handicap to western arithmetic | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Buddhism reaches Sri Lanka as a result of the missionary efforts of the Indian ruler, Asoka | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | To help the king of Syracuse extract water from the hold of a ship (so the story goes), Archimedes invents the screw now known by his name | |
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