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| 483 BC |
| | | Themistocles persuades the Athenians to build up their fleet against the expected renewal of the threat from Persia | |
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| 481 BC |
| | | Xerxes I, renewing the campaign of his father Darius against the Greeks, leads a large army round the Aegean and through Thrace | |
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| 481 BC |
| | | The Greek city-states meet in Corinth to devise a joint strategy against the Persians | |
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| c. 480 BC |
| | | Kritios sculpts a naturalistic male nude, now the earliest surviving masterpiece in a central tradition of Greek art | |
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| 480 BC |
| | | 300 Spartans, led by Leonidas, die attempting to hold the pass of Thermopylae against the advancing Persian army | |
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| 480 BC |
| | | Athens, abandoned to the advancing Persians, is looted and destroyed | |
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| 480 BC |
| | | The Athenian fleet defeats a considerably larger Persian force in the narrow strait between Salamis and the mainland | |
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| 479 BC |
| | | A Spartan army, led by Pausanias, wins a victory at Plataea, completing the rout of the Persians on the Greek mainland | |
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| 479 BC |
| | | An Athenian force destroys at Mykale the remainder of the Persian fleet, ending the threat from them at sea | |
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| 478 BC |
| | | In the last joint campaign by Sparta and Athens the strategically important city of Byzantium is liberated from Persian rule | |
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