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| 1504 |
| | | Babur captures Kabul, making it and eastern Afghanistan the first possession of the Mughal empire | |
|  | Babur in a garden
Fotofile CG
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| 1526 |
| | | In a battle at Panipat Babur defeats the sultan of Delhi, launching the Mughal empire in India | |
|  | Elephant armour of a type probably worn at Panipat
Royal Armouries
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| 1527 |
| | | Victory at Khanua, over a Hindu confederation of Rajput rulers, brings Babur a tenuous control over most of northwest India | |
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| 1530 |
| | | The first Mughal emperor, Babur, dies in India and is succeeded by his son, Humayun | |
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| 1543 |
| | | Humayun, driven west into Afghanistan by Sher Shah, loses his family's new inheritance in India | |
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| 1555 |
| | | Civil war within India enables Humayun to win a battle at Sirhind and recover the Mughal throne | |
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| 1556 |
| | | Humayun dies and Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal emperors, inherits the throne at the age of thirteen | |
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| 1571 |
| | | Akbar builds his new palace of Fatehpur Sikri close to the shrine of a Sufi saint | |
|  | Fatehpur Sikri, diwan-i-khas
Fotofile CG
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| 1573 |
| | | The tomb in Delhi of the Mughal emperor Humayun introduces the shape of dome which characterizes his dynasty's architecture | |
|  | Humayun tomb, Delhi
Fotofile CG
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| 1605 |
| | | On the death of Akbar, his son Jahangir succeeds to the Mughal throne | |
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