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| 1961 |
| | | President Kennedy appoints his younger brother Robert to the position of US attorney-general | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Patrice Lumumba is sent to Katanga, where he is murdered | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Political activist Jane Jacobs publishes an influential polemic, The Death and Life of Great American Cities | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Hassan II begins a 38-year reign as the king of Morocco | |
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| 1961 |
| | | President Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps, enabling US volunteers to work abroad | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Atmosphères, by the Hungarian composer György Ligeti, achieves a mysterious blend of sound in what he calls 'micropolyphony' | |
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| 1961 |
| | | J.D. Salinger publishes Franny and Zooey, the second of his collections of stories about the Glass family | |
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| 1961 |
| | | The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in an Israeli court in Jerusalem, with TV cameras permitted to broadcast the event live around the world | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel in space, orbiting the earth once in Vostok 1 | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Former British colony Sierra Leone becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth | |
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