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| c. 320 BC |
| | | Ptolemy begins to transform Alexandria into a centre of Greek culture, founding his famous 'museum' and library | |
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| 317 BC |
| | | Philip III is killed on the orders of Olympias, the mother of Alexander | |
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| 312 BC |
| | | Seleucia is founded as a new capital on the Tigris, eclipsing Babylon and recycling much of the older city as building material | |
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| 312 BC |
| | | The first Roman road, the Via Appia, links Rome with Capua | |
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| c. 310 BC |
| | | Pytheas, a Greek explorer, sails up the west coast of Britain and finds beyond it a more northerly land which he calls Thule | |
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| c. 310 BC |
| | | Alexander IV and his mother Roxana are murdered by order of Cassander (by now the self-proclaimed king of Macedonia) | |
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| 301 BC |
| | | Some 20 years after the death of Alexander the Great one of his generals, Ptolemy, extends his rule from Egypt to include Jerusalem | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma emerge as India's trio of main gods, with the Vedic religion of the Aryans evolving into Hinduism | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Celts move across the Channel into Britain, soon becoming the dominant ethnic group in the island | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Greek author Theophrastus writes On the History of Plants, the earliest surviving work on botany | |
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