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| 1580 |
| | The first Jesuit missionaries arrive in England, with Edmund Campion among their number | |
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| 1580 |
| | Francis Drake returns to England after his three-year voyage round the world and is knighted by Queen Elizabeth on board his Golden Hind | |
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| 1580 |
| | French author Michel de Montaigne, in his library tower, produces Europe's first volume of essays – published in this year under the simple title Essais | |
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| c. 1580 |
| | William Chamberlen invents the obstetrical forceps | |
| | Chamberlen forceps
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1581 |
| | In the Oath of Abjuration the northern provinces of the Netherlands formally reject the rule of the Spanish king, Philip II | |
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| 1581 |
| | The first dramatic ballet, the Balet Comique de la Reine, is presented during French wedding festivities | |
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| 1581 |
| | Tasso, in Gerusalemme Liberata ('Jerusalem Liberated'), turns the first crusade into a romantic epic | |
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| 1581 |
| | Finland is granted the status of a separate grand duchy within the realm of Sweden | |
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| 1582 |
| | The new and more accurate Gregorian calendar is introduced by Gregory XIII in the papal states | |
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| 1582 |
| | The 18-year-old William Shakespeare marries Anne Hathaway in Stratford-upon-Avon | |
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