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| c. 220 BC |
| | The Greek mathematician Eratosthenes calculates the circumference of the world with the help of shadows and camels | |
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| 218 BC |
| | Hannibal crosses the Alps with his elephants, beginning the Second Punic War | |
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| 217 BC |
| | Hannibal surprises and traps a Roman army on a narrow plain beside Lake Trasimene | |
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| 216 BC |
| | Hannibal destroys a Roman army at Cannae, in the most severe defeat ever suffered by Rome | |
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| c. 215 BC |
| | The Qin emperor joins up earlier fortifications to create the Great Wall of China | |
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| 213 BC |
| | In the Qin dictatorship, all Confucian books are burnt (except those of any practical use) and 460 Confucian scholars are executed | |
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| 207 BC |
| | A delegate from imperial China establishes the kingdom of Nam-Viet with himself as king | |
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| 206 BC |
| | The Qin emperor, Shi Huangdi, is buried at Xi'an with a vast army of terracotta soldiers | |
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| 206 BC |
| | The Han, the first of the great Chinese dynasties, is established | |
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| 202 BC |
| | Hannibal suffers his first decisive defeat by a Roman army, at an unidentified site in north Africa called Zama | |
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