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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The flexibility of the Roman legion transforms the Greek phalanx into an even more effective fighting machine | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Euclid, teaching at the museum in Alexandria, writes what becomes Europe's standard textbook on geometry | |
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| c. 300 BC - AD 100 |
| | | The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Vesta, goddess of the hearth, is served in Rome by virgin priestesses who tend the sacred flame in her shrine | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Indian epic of romance and adventure, the Ramayana, is probably the work of a single author at about this time | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Epicurus postulates a universe of indestructible atoms in which man himself is responsible for achieving a balanced life | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Phoenicia is brought into the new Hellenistic empire, changing hands frequently between contending successors of Alexander | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | The Roman siege technique is improved by the 'tortoise' which protects the attacking force | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | Seleucus founds Antioch as a Greek city on the trade route between Mesopotamia and Europe | |
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| 292 BC |
| | | The Colossus, a giant statue of Helios the sun god, is erected beside the harbour of Rhodes | |
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