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| 454 BC |
| | | The Athenians transfer into their own keeping the accumulated treasure of the Delian League | |
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| 454 BC |
| | | Pericles' power is greatly increased when he is put in charge of the funds of the Delian leaague | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | Empedocles states that all matter is made up of four elemental substances - earth, fire, air and water | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The earliest known example of Arabic writing is on an inscribed column at Tema, in northwest Arabia | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The followers of Pythagoras maintain that the earth revolves on its own axis and moves in an orbit | |
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| 450 BC |
| | | The Athenians mount successful attacks on the Persian forces occupying the Greek island of Cyprus | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The Sophists, professional philosophers, travel round Greece educating the sons of the rich | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The Greek historian Herodotus visits Egypt and provides, among many other details, an account of the process of mummification | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | Pericles introduces payment in Athens for jury service so that no citizen is excluded by poverty | |
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| 448 BC |
| | | In the Peace of Kallias the Persians acknowledge the independence of Greek Ionia, and agree not to bring their fleet into the Aegean | |
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