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| c. 600 BC |
| | | Hindu hermits live in groups described as ashramas | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | The free smallholding peasants of Attica fall increasingly into debt, compelled to pay a sixth of all their produce to a creditor | |
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| 594 BC |
| | | Solon is elected archon in Athens, immediately cancelling the debts of the peasants of Attica and making it illegal to enslave a debtor | |
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| 594 BC |
| | | Solon makes every Athenian citizen a member of the ecclesia, responsible for the election of archons, thus laying the first cornerstone of Athenian democracy | |
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| 586 BC |
| | | After a long siege Jerusalem is taken by Nebuchadnezzar and the city, including Solomon's Temple, is destroyed | |
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| 586 BC |
| | | The Jews, taken into captivity in Babylon, form the first community of the Diaspora | |
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| 585 BC |
| | | Thales of Miletus, traditionally the first philosopher, is credited with the prediction of a solar eclipse | |
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| 585 BC |
| | | The Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar II begins a siege of Tyre which lasts for thirteen years before the city capitulates | |
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| c. 580 BC |
| | | Nebuchadnezzar builds the hanging gardens of Babylon, supposedly to comfort a homesick wife | |
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| c. 580 BC |
| | | The synagogue, as a simple place of Jewish worship, develops during the Babylonian captivity | |
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