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| 1821 |
| | | An uprising in Greece against Turkish rule is followed by the massacre of several thousand Muslims | |
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| 1827 |
| | | Britain, France and Russia, supporting Greek independence, defeat the Turkish and Egyptian fleets at Navarino | |
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| 1832 |
| | | Greece wins independence, with the 17-year-old Otto of Bavaria as king | |
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| 1840 |
| | | Muhammad Ali, officially viceroy for the Turkish sultan, establishes his own ruling dynasty on the throne of Egypt | |
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| 1841 |
| | | The Straits Convention, agreed between the European powers and Turkey, is a concerted attempt to prop up the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The Russian tsar, Nicholas I, calls Turkey 'the sick man of Europe' | |
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| 1852 |
| | | France demands that Turkey should end Russia's exclusive control of the Christian Holy Places in the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1852 |
| | | Russia insists that her exclusive rights over the Holy Places are enshrined in the treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji | |
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| 1853 |
| | | In a worsening diplomatic crisis, Russia puts her Black Sea fleet in a state of alert at Sebastopol | |
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| 1853 |
| | | France and Britain despatch their fleets to the Dardanelles, in readiness to go through the Straits to the Black Sea | |
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