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| 1548 |
| | | La Paz is founded on the trade route between Lima and the newly discovered silver mines at Potosi | |
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| c. 1550 |
| | | Spanish galleons assemble each year at Portobelo to deliver European goods and to ship home the metals of Latin America | |
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| 1556 |
| | | Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand | |
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| 1556 |
| | | The division by Charles V of his territories means that there are now two Habsburg empires, Austrian and Spanish | |
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| 1571 |
| | | The Spanish governor general, Legazpi, makes his capital at Manila,and names the surrounding islands the Philippines after Philip II | |
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| 1571 |
| | | The Philippines and its governor general are placed under the authority of the Spanish governor of New Spain, ruling from Mexico City | |
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| 1571 |
| | | Spanish and Venetian galleys defeat the Turks in the battle of Lepanto | |
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| 1697 |
| | | In the Treaty of Rijswijk, Spain cedes the western half of Hispaniola to France, which names its new colony Saint-Domingue | |
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| 1701 |
| | | The War of the Spanish Succession breaks out between French and Austrian claimants to the Spanish throne | |
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| 1713 |
| | | The treaties signed in Utrecht bring to an end the War of the Spanish Succession | |
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