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| | | | South Asia |
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| 712 |
| | | Muslims, arriving from Persia through Baluchistan, occupy the region of Sind in western India | |
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| c. 800 |
| | | The use of zero, essential in practical mathematics, is now familiar in India and is adopted in Baghdad | |
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| c. 900 |
| | | A Tamil kingdom, established by the Cholas, controls the whole of south India and will last for two centuries | |
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| c. 900 |
| | | Zoroastrians migrate from Muslim Persia to India, where they become known as Parsees | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | Buddhist, Hindu and Jain shrines are carved from the rock in the cave temples of Ellora, in India | |
|  | Ellora, courtyard
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1000 |
| | | Turks from Ghazni, raiding into northwest India, renew the pressure of Islam on the subcontinent | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | Warlike tribal groups, calling themselves Rajput and claiming descent from the Aryan warrior caste, are now in Rajasthan | |
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| 1025 |
| | | Mahmud of Ghazni marches an army across an Indian desert to destroy a great temple at Somnath, killing - it is said - some 50,000 Hindus | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | After centuries of raiding the northern part of Sri Lanka, the Tamils establish a settled Hindu presence in the island | |
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| 1211 |
| | | The leader of a Turkish army establishes an independent sultanate in Delhi, beginning many centuries of Muslim rule in north India | |
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