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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian annexes Egypt as a Roman territory and takes back to Rome the vast treasures of the Egyptian pharaohs | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | With the annexation of Egypt, the entire Mediterranean falls under Roman control | |
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| 29 BC |
| | | When Octavian's Egyptian hoard reaches Rome, the standard rate of interest falls from 12% to 4% | |
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| 27 BC |
| | | Octavian is given the life-long title of Augustus by the senate in Rome, becoming in effect the first Roman emperor | |
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| 27 BC |
| | | Livy begins writing and publishing his History of Rome, a task which will occupy him for forty years | |
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| c. 50 |
| | | A working week of seven days is adopted in Rome, based on the seven known planets (whose names provide the days) | |
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| c. 60 |
| | | St Peter, believed to have come to Rome as leader of the Christian community, is subsequently considered the first pope | |
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| c. 60 |
| | | St Paul arrives in Rome a prisoner, but then spends two years freely preaching Christianity | |
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| 64 |
| | | A great fire in Rome is popularly believed to have been started by Nero, whom legend also accuses of fiddling while the city burns | |
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| c. 64 |
| | | Early Christian tradition states that both Peter and Paul meet death in Rome as martyrs, possibly as a result of the fire of AD 64 | |
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