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| | | | Conquest and Colonization |
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| 324 BC |
| | | Alexander and his companion Hephaestion marry daughters of Darius III | |
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| 323 BC |
| | | Ptolemy manages to acquire Alexander the Great's corpse, to lend authority to his rule in Egypt | |
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| 323 BC |
| | | Seleucus wins control of a vast area, comprising the eastern part of Alexander's empire from the Mediterranean to India | |
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| c. 320 BC |
| | | Ptolemy begins to transform Alexandria into a centre of Greek culture, founding his famous 'museum' and library | |
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| 317 BC |
| | | Philip III is killed on the orders of Olympias, the mother of Alexander | |
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| c. 310 BC |
| | | Alexander IV and his mother Roxana are murdered by order of Cassander (by now the self-proclaimed king of Macedonia) | |
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| 301 BC |
| | | Some 20 years after the death of Alexander the Great one of his generals, Ptolemy, extends his rule from Egypt to include Jerusalem | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Phoenicia is brought into the new Hellenistic empire, changing hands frequently between contending successors of Alexander | |
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| 281 BC |
| | | Pyrrhus lands in Italy, with 25,000 men and 20 elephants, to fight for the Greek colony of Tarentum against the Romans | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | At the end of the First Punic War, Sicily becomes Rome's first overseas province | |
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