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 Minoans practise trephination |
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c. -2500 |
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 | Trephined skull
Wellcome Library, London
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| Galen learns surgery by repairing gladiators' wounds |
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157 |
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 | Fatally wounded gladiator
Wellcome Library, London
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| Barbers practise part-time surgery |
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c. 1250 |
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 | Bleeding a woman
Wellcome Library, London
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| Arabs invent ingenious bloodletting device |
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1315 |
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 | Measuring instrument used in bloodletting
Wellcome Library, London
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| John of Arderne devises operation for anal fistula |
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1376 |
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 | John of Arderne's operation for anal fistula
Wellcome Library, London
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| Military surgeons write first vernacular textbooks |
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c. 1500 |
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 | Surgeon treating a man with a chest wound
Wellcome Library, London
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| Paré pioneers new treatment of wounds |
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1537 |
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 | Amputating a leg
Wellcome Library, London
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| Barber-Surgeons' Company formed |
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1540 |
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 | Fixing a dislocated leg
Wellcome Library, London
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| Andreas Vesalius publishes De humani corporis fabrica |
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1555 |
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 | Title page, De humani corporis fabrica
Wellcome Library, London
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| Jean Louis Petit invents screw tourniquet |
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c. 1720 |
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 | Amputation at mid- thigh
Wellcome Library, London
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| Surgeons separate from barbers |
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1743 |
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 | Blood-letting in style
Wellcome Library, London
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| Jacques Daviel performs first cataract extraction |
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1747 |
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 | Eye surgeon operating on a restrained patient
Wellcome Library, London
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| Surgeons receive academic training |
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c. 1820 |
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 | Trephination operation
Wellcome Library, London
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| Burke and Hare |
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1828 |
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 | Execution of William Burke
Wellcome Library, London
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| Warren operates using anaesthesia |
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1846 |
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| Joseph Lister invents antisepsis |
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1865 |
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 | Victoria Ward, King's College Hospital
Wellcome Library, London
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| Surgeons adopt aseptic techniques |
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c. 1875 |
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 | Operating theatre at the National Hospital, Queen Square, London
Wellcome Library, London
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| Robert Lawson Tait operates for ruptured ectopic pregnancy |
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1883 |
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 | Foetus in Fallopian tube, 1719
Wellcome Library, London
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| Gillies pioneers plastic surgery |
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1916 |
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 | Plastic surgery during the First World War
Wellcome Library, London
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| Walter Freeman develops 'ice-pick lobotomy' |
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1936 |
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 | Watts-Freeman lobotomy instruments
Wellcome Library, London
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| Joseph Murray performs first kidney transplant |
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1954 |
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| Charnley pioneers joint replacement |
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1962 |
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 | Total knee replacement
Wellcome Library, London
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| Coronary bypass surgery |
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1964 |
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 | Coronary artery bypass graft
Wellcome Photo Library
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| First heart transplant |
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1967 |
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| Development of day-case surgery |
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c. 1990 |
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 | Anaesthetist in the operating theatre
Wellcome Library, London
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