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Medicine through time
Peruvian surgeons cut holes in skulls
c. -2000
Plastic surgery in India
c. -550
Indian doctors identify three humours
c. -550
Doctors swear Hippocratic oath
c. -400
Four humours in human body say Greeks
c. -380
Human vivisection in Alexandria
c. -280
Acupuncture in China
c. -100
Roman surgery on bladder
c. 50
Galen is doctor to gladiators
158
Medical school at Salerno
c. 950
Arab manual of surgery
c. 1000
First anaesthetic
c. 1265
Lens and spectacles invented
1268
Black Death devastates Europe
1348
Leonardo dissects corpses
c. 1489
Vesalius looks beneath the skin
1533
Vesalius reveals anatomy
1543
Surgeon's guide to gunshot wounds
1545
Heart is a pump says Harvey
1628
Pepys has stone cut from bladder
1658
Malpighi sees smallest blood vessels
1661
Royal Society founded in London
1662
Blood transfusion works - on dogs
1665
Human blood transfusion in Paris
1667
Spermatozoa sighted
1677
Fahrenheit takes temperature
1714
English baby inoculated in Turkey
1717
Celsius goes centigrade
1742
Smellie breakthrough for midwives
1752
Doctor taps patients
1761
Pathology gets scientific
1761
Cook finds solution to scurvy
1775
Franklin needs bifocals
1784
Foxglove for dropsy
1785
Jenner vaccinates with cowpox
1796
French physician devises stethoscope
1816
Britain suffers first cholera epidemic
c. 1832
Anaesthetic in childbirth
c. 1847
Cholera linked to contaminated water
c. 1854
Nightingale sails east
1854
Mary Seacole cares for sick in Crimea
1855
Pasteur identifies germs as cause of disease
c. 1857
London's Great Stink
1858
New sewers for London
1859
Lister proves value of antisepsis
1865
Koch discovers TB bacillus
c. 1882
Germany pioneers state welfare
c. 1885
First contact lenses
1887
Old-age pension in Britain
1908
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