Sources and Attribution



HistoryWorld — how to cite

All the content in HistoryWorld (apart from the Wellcome History of Medicine, by Dr Carole Reeves) has been written by Bamber Gascoigne. If you want to cite HistoryWorld as a source, here are suggested methods in keeping with MLA principles:

To cite HistoryWorld as a general source

Gascoigne, Bamber. HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. http://www.historyworld.net

To cite a page within HistoryWorld

Gascoigne, Bamber. "History of [TITLE]" HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. [URL of the page within the History]

Example - for a page within the history of Spain

Gascoigne, Bamber. “History of Spain" HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1764&HistoryID=ab50


Commercial use

If you want to use more than 250 words of our content in a product that will be for sale, please email us at info@historyworld.net

*         *         *         *

See acknowledgements for users' contributions


*         *         *         *

HistoryWorld — sources


My purpose in HistoryWorld has been to give an overview of world history in a way that tells the central story clearly, through linked narratives, and makes it easy, through timelines, to compare at any period the events happening in different regions of the world.

The facts in the story are all mainstream ones, easily checked in any standard work of reference. In common with other such works of general history, I do not give sources for each paragraph or section (there is no point in backing up with a reference the information that the battle of Waterloo was fought in 1815). Where I have quoted verbatim from a document or another author, the source is given in the text.

Again in common with other works of this kind, I give here a bibliography of the sources that I have used. The backbone of HistoryWorld - the political histories of individual nations - derives largely from information in the Encyclopedia Britannica. The other volumes listed here are mainly on subsidiary themes. The relative lack of works relating to recent times is because many of the histories are as yet incomplete - though all reach at least 1800.

Bamber Gascoigne


*         *         *         *

HistoryWorld — bibliography


GENERAL

Barraclough, Geoffrey (ed.); The Times Atlas of World History, 1978
Bullock, Alan and Stallybrass, Oliver: The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought, 1978
Clark, Kenneth; Civilisation, 1971
Encyclopedia Britannica (editions 1972, 1976 and online)
Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (ed.); The Times Atlas of World Exploration, 1991
Goudsblom, Johan; Fire and Civilization, 1994
Grenville, J.A.S.; A History of the World in the Twentieth Century, 2 vols, 1997
Hutchinson Chronology of World History, 4 vols, 1999
Ponting, Clive; A green history of the world, 1991
Roberts, J.M.; Penguin History of the World, 1990
Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 1969

PERIODS

Prehistory and archaeology
Clark, Grahame; Economic prehistory: papers on archaeology, 1989
Gamble, Clive; The Palaeolithic settlement of Europe, 1986
Magnusson, Magnus; BC: The archaeology of the bible lands, 1977
Mellaart, James; Catal Huyuk: a Neolithic town in Anatolia, 1967
Mellaart, James; The Neolithic of the Near East, 1975
Moseley, Michael E.; The Incas and their ancestors: the archaeology of Peru, 1992
Robbins, Laurence; The Archaeologist's Eye, 1990
Scarre, Chris (ed.); Past worlds: the Times atlas of archaeology, 1988
Spindler, Konrad; The Man in the Ice, 1994
Stringer, C. and Gamble, C; In search of the Neanderthals, 1993
Walker, Alan & Shipman, Pat; The wisdom of bones: in search of human origins, 1997

Ancient World
Andrews, Carol; Egyptian mummies, 1998
Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
Bowman, Alan K.; Life and letters on the Roman frontier, c.1994
Bushnell, G.H.S; Ancient Arts of the Americas, 1965
Caesar, Julius (trans. S.A. Handford); The Conquest of Gaul, 1951
Chadwick, Henry; The Early Church, 1967
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Cotterell, Arthur (ed.); The Penguin encyclopedia of ancient civilizatons, 1980
Cotterell, Arthur (ed.); The Penguin encyclopedia of classical civilizations, 1993
Fontenrose, Joseph; The Delphic oracle : its responses and operations, 1978
Grant, Michael; The ancient historians, 1970
Groenewegen-Frankfort; Art of the Ancient World, 1971
Hammond, N.G.L. and Scullard, H.H. (eds); The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 1970
Harden, D.B.; Glass of the Caesars, 1987
Herodotus (trans. Aubrey de Sélincourt); The Histories, 1972
Josephus (trans. G.A. Williamson); The Jewish War, 1970
Lane-Fox, Robin; Alexander the Great, 1973
Maisels, Charles Keith; The emergence of civilization, 1990
Oppenheim, A.L. (trans.); Letters from Mesopotamia… on clay tablets, 1967
Pettinato, Giovanni; Ebla: a new look at history, 1991
Plutarch (trans. Rex Warner); Fall of the Roman republic, 1972
Reade, Julian; Assyrian Sculpture, 1998
Saggs, H.W.F; Civilization before Greece & Rome, 1989
Scullard, H.H.; The elephant in the Greek and Roman world, 1974
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986
Tacitus, translated by Michael Grant; The Annals of Imperial Rome, 1975
Thucydides (trans. Rex Warner); History of the Peloponnesian War, 1954
Watson, Michael; Early Civilization in China, 1966
Xenophon (trans. Rex Warner); The Persian Expedition, 1972

Middle Ages
Almedingen, E.M; Charlemagne, 1968
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Brent, Peter; The Viking Saga, 1975
Campbell, Tony; Early Maps, c.1981
Coe, Michael; The Maya, 1980
Davies, Nigel; The Aztecs, 1973
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Grabar, Andre; Byzantium: Byzantine art in the Middle Ages, 1966
Grodecki, Louis; Gothic Architecture, 1978
Haussig, H.W.; a History of Byzantine Civilization, 1971
Hubert, J. (et al.); Carolingian art, 1970
Kubach, Hans Erich; Romanesque Architecture, 1988
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Norwich, John Julius; Byzantium: the early centuries, 1988
Norwich, John Julius; Byzantium: the apogee, 1991
Palol, Pedro de; Early Medieval Art in Spain, 1967
Runciman, Steven; A History of the Crusades, 3 vols, 1951-4
Ziegler, Philip; The Black Death, 1969

Renaissance
Bennett, Bonnie A. and Wilkins, David G.; Donatello, 1984
Hale, J.R.; Florence and the Medici, 1977
Hale, J.R.; The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, 1993
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Hemming, John; The conquest of the Incas, 1970
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Murray, Peter; Architecture of the Italian Renaissance, 1969
Prescott, William Hickling.; The Conquest of Mexico, 2 vols, 1957
Scarisbrick, J.J.; Henry VIII, 1968
Trease, Robert Geoffrey; The Condottieri , 1970

16th-19th century
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Edwards, Stewart; The Paris Commune, 1871, 1972
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Great Moghuls, 1971
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Hibbert, Christopher: The French Revolution, 1980
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Longford, Elizabeth; Victoria R.I., 1964
McLynn, Frank:; Napoleon: a biography, 1997
Nicolaievsky, Boris; Karl Marx: Man and Fighter, 1976
Norberg-Schulz, Christian; Baroque Architecture, 1979
Pakenham , Thomas; The scramble for Africa 1876-1912, 1991
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Thomas, Hugh: The slave trade: the history of the Atlantic slave trade, 1997

Since 1900
Brogan, Patrick; World conflicts: why and where they are happening, 1989
Calvocoressi, Peter; World Politics since 1945, 1982
Churchill, Winston; The Second World War, 6 vols, 1948-54
Figes, Orlando; A People's Tragedy: the Russian Revolution 1891-1924, 1996
Gilbert, Martin; History of the twentieth century, 2001
Isaacs, Jeremy and Downing, Taylor; Cold War, 1998
Kee, Robert; The green flag, 3 vols, 1989
Mercer, Derrik (ed.); Chronicle of the 20th century, 1988
Vadney, T.E; The world since 1945, 1992


REGIONS

Africa
Iliffe, John; Africans: the history of a continent, 1995
Pakenham , Thomas; The scramble for Africa 1876-1912, 1991
Ransford, Oliver; The Great Trek, 1972
Reader, John; Africa, a biography of the continent, 1998
Willett, Frank; African Art, 1971

Egypt
Andrews, Carol; Egyptian mummies, 1998
Blue Guide; Egypt, 1983
Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane; Tutankhamen: life and death of a pharaoh, 1965
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985
Lange, Curt and Hirmer, Max; Egypt, 1957
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986

Americas
Bushnell, G.H.S; Ancient Arts of the Americas, 1965

Central America
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Coe, Michael; The Maya, 1980
Davies, Nigel; The Aztecs, 1973
Prescott, William Hickling.; The Conquest of Mexico, 2 vols, 1957
Smith, Bradley; Mexico: a history in art, 1975
Townsend, Richard F.; The Aztecs, 1992

North America
Brogan, Hugh; Longman History of the United States of America, 1985
Josephy, Alvin M.; 500 Nations, an illustrated history of North American Indians, 1995
Kirshon, John W. (ed.) Chronicle of America, 1989

South America
Hemming, John; The conquest of the Incas, 1970
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Moseley, Michael E.; The Incas and their ancestors: the archaeology of Peru, 1992

Asia

China
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Treasures and Dynasties of China, 1963
Genius of China (catalogue of Royal Academy exhibition), 1973
Needham, Joseph; Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 1, 1954
Rawson, Jessica (ed.); The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, 1992
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960
Sullivan, Michael; A short history of Chinese Art, 1967
Watson, Michael; Early Civilization in China, 1966

India
Barrett, Douglas; Indian Painting, 1978
Craven, Roy C.; Indian art: a concise history, 1976
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Great Moghuls, 1971

Iran
Ghirshman, Roman; Iran from the earliest times to the Islamic conquest, 1954
Gray, Basil; Persian Painting, 1977
Xenophon (trans. Rex Warner); The Persian Expedition, 1972

Middle East
Avi-Yonah, Michael (ed.); A History of the Holy Land, 1969
Oppenheim, A.L. (trans.); Letters from Mesopotamia… on clay tablets, 1967
Reade, Julian; Assyrian Sculpture, 1998
Sandars, N.K. (translated by); The Epic of Gilgamesh, 1972

Australasia
Clark, Manning; A History of Australia, 1993
Flannery, Tim; The future eaters: an ecological history of the Australasian lands and people, 1994
Guiart, Jean; The Arts of the South Pacific, 1963
Hughes, Robert; The Fatal Shore, 1987

Europe
Brent, Peter; The Viking Saga, 1975
Gamble, Clive; The Palaeolithic settlement of Europe, 1986
Hale, J.R.; The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, 1993
Weber, Eugen; A Modern History of Europe, 1971

British Isles
Bindman, David (ed.); The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of British Art, 1985
Blue Guide; England, 1980
Blue Guide; Ireland, 1987
Blue Guide; Scotland, 1986
Blue Guide; Wales and the Marches, 1979
Falconer, Keith; Guide to England’s industrial heritage, 1980
Gascoigne, Bamber; Encyclopedia of Britain, 1993
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Heald, Henrietta; Chronicle of Britain, 1992
Holt, Richard; Sport and the British: a modern history, 1989
Keay, John and Julia (eds); Encyclopaedia of Scotland, 1994
Kee, Robert; The green flag, 3 vols, 1989
Kightly, Charles; The customs and ceremonies of Britain, 1986
Lynch, Michael; Scotland: a new history, 1991
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Pounds, N.J.G. The Culture of the English People: iron age to industrial revolution, 1994
Wilding, Norman and Laundy, Philip; An Encyclopedia of Parliament, 1972

France
Burke, Peter; The Fabrication of Louis XIV, 1992
Caesar, Julius (trans. S.A. Handford); The Conquest of Gaul, 1951
Edwards, Stewart; The Paris Commune, 1871, 1972
Harvey, Paul and Heseltine, J.E (eds).; The Oxford Companion to French Literature, 1969
Hatton, Ragnhild; Louis XIV and his world, 1972
Hibbert, Christopher: The French Revolution, 1980 Taylor, Basil: French Painting, 1951

Germany
Bullock, Alan; Hitler: a study in tyranny, 1962
Garland, Henry and Mary; The Oxford Companion to German Literature, 1986
Menzhausen, Ingelore; Early Meissen Porcelain in Dresden, 1990

Greece
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Cook, B.F.; The Elgin marbles, 1984
Fitton, J. Lesley; Cycladic Art, 1989
Fontenrose, Joseph; The Delphic oracle : its responses and operations, 1978
Thucydides (trans. Rex Warner); History of the Peloponnesian War, 1954

Italy
Borsook, Eve; The Companion Guide to Florence, 1979
Hale, J.R.; Florence and the Medici, 1977
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Honour, Hugh; The Companion Guide to Venice, 1977
Murray, Peter; Architecture of Italian Renaissance, 1969
Trease, Robert Geoffrey; The Condottieri , 1970

   Rome
   Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
   Cicero (translated by Michael Grant); Selected political speeches, 1973
   Grant, Michael; History of Rome, 1978
   Masson, Georgina; The companion guide to Rome, 1972
   Plutarch (trans. Rex Warner); Fall of the Roman republic, 1972
   Tacitus, translated by Michael Grant; The Annals of Imperial Rome, 1975

Russia
Figes, Orlando; A People's Tragedy: the Russian Revolution 1891-1924, 1996


THEMES

Architecture
Fleming, John (et al.); Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, 1991
Gardiner, Stephen; Evolution in the House, 1975
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Grodecki, Louis; Gothic Architecture, 1978
Kubach, Hans Erich; Romanesque Architecture, 1988
Michell, George (ed); Architecture of the Islamic World, 1978
Michell, George; The Penguin guide to the monuments of India, 2 vols, 1989
Murray, Peter; Architecture of Italian Renaissance, 1969
Norberg-Schulz, Christian; Baroque Architecture, 1979
Pevsner, Nikolaus; A history of building types, 1976
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960

Art
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
Barrett, Douglas; Indian Painting, 1978
Bennett, Bonnie A. and Wilkins, David G.; Donatello, 1984
Bindman, David (ed.); The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of British Art, 1985
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Clark, Kenneth; Civilisation, 1971
Clark, Kenneth; The nude: a study of ideal art, 1976
Cook, B.F.; The Elgin marbles, 1984
Craven, Roy C.; Indian art: a concise history, 1976
de Hamel, Christopher; A history of illuminated manuscripts, 1986
Fitton, J. Lesley; Cycladic Art, 1989
Gascoigne Bamber; How To Identify Prints, 1986
Grabar, Andre; The beginnings of Christian Art, 1966
Gray, Basil; Persian Painting, 1977
Groenewegen-Frankfort; Art of the Ancient World, 1971
Guiart, Jean .; The Arts of the South Pacific, 1963
Harthan, John; The history of the illustrated book: the Western tradition, 1981
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Hubert, J. (et al.); Carolingian art, 1970
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985
Osborne, Harold (ed.); The Oxford Companion to Art, 1970
Palol, Pedro de; Early Medieval Art in Spain, 1967
Pignatti, Teresio; Master drawings: from cave art to Picasso, 1982
Piper, David; Great traditions: the history of painting and sculpture, 1981
Rawson, Jessica (ed.); The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, 1992
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960
Smith, Bradley; Mexico: a history in art, 1975
Sullivan, Michael; A short history of Chinese Art, 1967
Taylor, Basil: French Painting, 1951
Willett, Frank; African Art, 1971

Biography
Almedingen, E.M; Charlemagne, 1968
Bullock, Alan; Hitler: a study in tyranny, 1962
Burke, Peter; The Fabrication of Louis XIV, 1992
Hatton, Ragnhild; Louis XIV and his world, 1972
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Lane-Fox, Robin; Alexander the Great, 1973
Longford, Elizabeth; Victoria R.I., 1964
McLynn, Frank:; Napoleon: a biography, 1997
Millar, David (et al.); Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989
Nicolaievsky, Boris; Karl Marx: Man and Fighter, 1976
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Scarisbrick, J.J.; Henry VIII, 1968
Simon, Jacob (ed.); Handel: a Celebration of his Life and Times, 1985
Williams, T.I. (ed.); A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, 1969

Decorative arts
Boucher, François; History of costume in the West, 1965
Fleming, John and Honour, Hugh; The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts, 1977
Harden, D.B.; Glass of the Caesars, 1987
Harris, Jennifer (ed.); 5000 years of textiles, 1993
Lee, Lawrence (et al.); Stained glass,1976
Menzhausen, Ingelore; Early Meissen Porcelain in Dresden, 1990
Newman, Harold; An illustrated dictionary of glass, 1977
Savage, George and Newman, Harold; An Illustrated Dictionary of Ceramics, 1976
Scott, Philippa; The Book of Silk, 1993

Literature
Drabble, Margaret (ed.); The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 1985
Garland, Henry and Mary; The Oxford Companion to German Literature, 1986
Harvey, Paul and Heseltine, J.E (eds).; The Oxford Companion to French Literature, 1969
Russell, Bertrand; History of Western philosophy, 1961
Sandars, N.K. (translated by); The Epic of Gilgamesh, 1972
Wynne-Davies, Marion (ed.); Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature, 1989

Medicine
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Ring, Malvin; Dentistry, 1985
Rutkow, Ira; Surgery, 1993

Museums and Libraries
Barker, Nicholas (and curatorial staff); Treasures of the British Library, 1988
Caygill, Marjorie; Treasures of the British Museum, 1985
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985

Performing Arts
Chujoy, Anatole and Manchester, P.W.; The Dance Encylopedia, 1967
Gascoigne, Bamber; World Theatre, 1968
Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.); The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1972
Kennedy, Michael; The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, 1980
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Rosenthal, Harold and Warrack, John; The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 1980
Sadie, Stanley (ed.); The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians, 1981
Simon, Jacob (ed.); Handel: a Celebration of his Life and Times, 1985

Religion
Attwater, Donald; A Dictionary of Saints, 1965
Chadwick, Henry; The Early Church, 1967
Eliade, Mircea; From Primitives to Zen: a thematic sourcebook of the history of religions, 1974
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Christians, 1977
Grabar, Andre; The beginnings of Christian Art, 1966
Grabar, Andre; Byzantium: Byzantine art in the Middle Ages, 1966
Hinnells, John R.; The Penguin Dictionary of Religions, 1984
Sumption, Jonathan; Pilgrimage, 1975

Science and technology
Bronowski, Jacob; The Ascent of Man, 1973
Bruton, Eric; The History of Clocks and Watches, 1979
Daumas, Maurice; History of technology and invention, 3 vols, 1980
de Bono, Edward; Eureka! How and when the greatest inventions were made, 1974
Jones, Steve; The language of the genes: biology, history and the evolutionary future, 1993
Kemp, Peter (ed.); The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea, 1988
Mackworth-Praed, Ben (ed.); Aviation: the pioneer years, 1990
Millar, David (et al.); Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989
Needham, Joseph; Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 1, 1954
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Trinh, Xuan Thuan; The changing universe, 1993
Tsien, Tsuan-Hsuin; Written on Bamboo and Silk, 1962
Williams, T.I. (ed.); A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, 1969

Social and domestic
Benveniste, Emile; Indo-European Language and Society, 1973
Bowman, Alan K.; Life and letters on the Roman frontier, c.1994
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Bruton, Eric; The History of Clocks and Watches, 1979
Clutton-Brock, Juliet; A natural history of domesticated animals, 1987
Davies, Glyn; A History of Money, 1994
Gardiner, Stephen; Evolution in the House, 1975
Gaur, Albertine; A history of writing, 1984
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Holt, Richard; Sport and the British: a modern history, 1989
Kightly, Charles; The customs and ceremonies of Britain, 1986
Mackworth-Praed, Ben (ed.); Aviation: the pioneer years, 1990
Piggott, Stuart; Wagon, chariot and carriage: symbol and status in the history of transport, 1992
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Ring, Malvin; Dentistry, 1985
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986
Sumption, Jonathan; Pilgrimage, 1975
Tsien, Tsuan-Hsuin; Written on Bamboo and Silk, 1962
Williams, Jonathan (ed.); Money: a history, 1997
Ziegler, Philip; The Black Death, 1969

War
Brogan, Patrick; World conflicts: why and where they are happening, 1989
Churchill, Winston; The Second World War, 6 vols, 1948-54
Josephus (trans. G.A. Williamson); The Jewish War, 1970
Keegan, John; A History of Warfare, 1993
Reid, William; Arms through the Ages, 1978


*         *         *         *

Acknowledgements


Since we introduced an effective Feedback system, in October 2009, we have had some very useful messages about our content in HistoryWorld. I am particularly grateful to the following, whose comments have led to amendments in my text. And I hope that anyone else will get in touch who notices a passage where there is a factual error or a lack of balance in interpretation or emphasis.

Taff Davies - on the first French and British settlements in the Falkland Islands
Seifeldin Mustafa Dirar - on the likely origin of the word Nubia
Sowmya Nath - on the controversy about the Arian invasion of India
Rondro Razafindrakoto - on the history of Madagascar
David Roberts - on the discovery at Abydos of the earliest writing in Egypt
Renee Seger - on the date of Nostra Aetate
Kabelo Tsiang - on the career of Katumile Masire

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The site contains more than 300 narrative Histories, weaving through time and interconnecting.


Sources and Attribution

HistoryWorld — how to cite

All the content in HistoryWorld (apart from the Wellcome History of Medicine, by Dr Carole Reeves) has been written by Bamber Gascoigne. If you want to cite HistoryWorld as a source, here are suggested methods in keeping with MLA principles:

To cite HistoryWorld as a general source

Gascoigne, Bamber. HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. http://www.historyworld.net

To cite a page within HistoryWorld

Gascoigne, Bamber. "History of [TITLE]" HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. [URL of the page within the History]

Example - for a page within the history of Spain

Gascoigne, Bamber. “History of Spain" HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1764&HistoryID=ab50


Commercial use

If you want to use more than 250 words of our content in a product that will be for sale, please email us at info@historyworld.net

*         *         *         *

See acknowledgements for users' contributions


*         *         *         *

HistoryWorld — sources


My purpose in HistoryWorld has been to give an overview of world history in a way that tells the central story clearly, through linked narratives, and makes it easy, through timelines, to compare at any period the events happening in different regions of the world.

The facts in the story are all mainstream ones, easily checked in any standard work of reference. In common with other such works of general history, I do not give sources for each paragraph or section (there is no point in backing up with a reference the information that the battle of Waterloo was fought in 1815). Where I have quoted verbatim from a document or another author, the source is given in the text.

Again in common with other works of this kind, I give here a bibliography of the sources that I have used. The backbone of HistoryWorld - the political histories of individual nations - derives largely from information in the Encyclopedia Britannica. The other volumes listed here are mainly on subsidiary themes. The relative lack of works relating to recent times is because many of the histories are as yet incomplete - though all reach at least 1800.

Bamber Gascoigne


*         *         *         *

HistoryWorld — bibliography


GENERAL

Barraclough, Geoffrey (ed.); The Times Atlas of World History, 1978
Bullock, Alan and Stallybrass, Oliver: The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought, 1978
Clark, Kenneth; Civilisation, 1971
Encyclopedia Britannica (editions 1972, 1976 and online)
Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (ed.); The Times Atlas of World Exploration, 1991
Goudsblom, Johan; Fire and Civilization, 1994
Grenville, J.A.S.; A History of the World in the Twentieth Century, 2 vols, 1997
Hutchinson Chronology of World History, 4 vols, 1999
Ponting, Clive; A green history of the world, 1991
Roberts, J.M.; Penguin History of the World, 1990
Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 1969

PERIODS

Prehistory and archaeology
Clark, Grahame; Economic prehistory: papers on archaeology, 1989
Gamble, Clive; The Palaeolithic settlement of Europe, 1986
Magnusson, Magnus; BC: The archaeology of the bible lands, 1977
Mellaart, James; Catal Huyuk: a Neolithic town in Anatolia, 1967
Mellaart, James; The Neolithic of the Near East, 1975
Moseley, Michael E.; The Incas and their ancestors: the archaeology of Peru, 1992
Robbins, Laurence; The Archaeologist's Eye, 1990
Scarre, Chris (ed.); Past worlds: the Times atlas of archaeology, 1988
Spindler, Konrad; The Man in the Ice, 1994
Stringer, C. and Gamble, C; In search of the Neanderthals, 1993
Walker, Alan & Shipman, Pat; The wisdom of bones: in search of human origins, 1997

Ancient World
Andrews, Carol; Egyptian mummies, 1998
Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
Bowman, Alan K.; Life and letters on the Roman frontier, c.1994
Bushnell, G.H.S; Ancient Arts of the Americas, 1965
Caesar, Julius (trans. S.A. Handford); The Conquest of Gaul, 1951
Chadwick, Henry; The Early Church, 1967
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Cotterell, Arthur (ed.); The Penguin encyclopedia of ancient civilizatons, 1980
Cotterell, Arthur (ed.); The Penguin encyclopedia of classical civilizations, 1993
Fontenrose, Joseph; The Delphic oracle : its responses and operations, 1978
Grant, Michael; The ancient historians, 1970
Groenewegen-Frankfort; Art of the Ancient World, 1971
Hammond, N.G.L. and Scullard, H.H. (eds); The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 1970
Harden, D.B.; Glass of the Caesars, 1987
Herodotus (trans. Aubrey de Sélincourt); The Histories, 1972
Josephus (trans. G.A. Williamson); The Jewish War, 1970
Lane-Fox, Robin; Alexander the Great, 1973
Maisels, Charles Keith; The emergence of civilization, 1990
Oppenheim, A.L. (trans.); Letters from Mesopotamia… on clay tablets, 1967
Pettinato, Giovanni; Ebla: a new look at history, 1991
Plutarch (trans. Rex Warner); Fall of the Roman republic, 1972
Reade, Julian; Assyrian Sculpture, 1998
Saggs, H.W.F; Civilization before Greece & Rome, 1989
Scullard, H.H.; The elephant in the Greek and Roman world, 1974
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986
Tacitus, translated by Michael Grant; The Annals of Imperial Rome, 1975
Thucydides (trans. Rex Warner); History of the Peloponnesian War, 1954
Watson, Michael; Early Civilization in China, 1966
Xenophon (trans. Rex Warner); The Persian Expedition, 1972

Middle Ages
Almedingen, E.M; Charlemagne, 1968
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Brent, Peter; The Viking Saga, 1975
Campbell, Tony; Early Maps, c.1981
Coe, Michael; The Maya, 1980
Davies, Nigel; The Aztecs, 1973
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Grabar, Andre; Byzantium: Byzantine art in the Middle Ages, 1966
Grodecki, Louis; Gothic Architecture, 1978
Haussig, H.W.; a History of Byzantine Civilization, 1971
Hubert, J. (et al.); Carolingian art, 1970
Kubach, Hans Erich; Romanesque Architecture, 1988
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Norwich, John Julius; Byzantium: the early centuries, 1988
Norwich, John Julius; Byzantium: the apogee, 1991
Palol, Pedro de; Early Medieval Art in Spain, 1967
Runciman, Steven; A History of the Crusades, 3 vols, 1951-4
Ziegler, Philip; The Black Death, 1969

Renaissance
Bennett, Bonnie A. and Wilkins, David G.; Donatello, 1984
Hale, J.R.; Florence and the Medici, 1977
Hale, J.R.; The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, 1993
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Hemming, John; The conquest of the Incas, 1970
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Murray, Peter; Architecture of the Italian Renaissance, 1969
Prescott, William Hickling.; The Conquest of Mexico, 2 vols, 1957
Scarisbrick, J.J.; Henry VIII, 1968
Trease, Robert Geoffrey; The Condottieri , 1970

16th-19th century
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Edwards, Stewart; The Paris Commune, 1871, 1972
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Great Moghuls, 1971
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Hibbert, Christopher: The French Revolution, 1980
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Longford, Elizabeth; Victoria R.I., 1964
McLynn, Frank:; Napoleon: a biography, 1997
Nicolaievsky, Boris; Karl Marx: Man and Fighter, 1976
Norberg-Schulz, Christian; Baroque Architecture, 1979
Pakenham , Thomas; The scramble for Africa 1876-1912, 1991
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Thomas, Hugh: The slave trade: the history of the Atlantic slave trade, 1997

Since 1900
Brogan, Patrick; World conflicts: why and where they are happening, 1989
Calvocoressi, Peter; World Politics since 1945, 1982
Churchill, Winston; The Second World War, 6 vols, 1948-54
Figes, Orlando; A People's Tragedy: the Russian Revolution 1891-1924, 1996
Gilbert, Martin; History of the twentieth century, 2001
Isaacs, Jeremy and Downing, Taylor; Cold War, 1998
Kee, Robert; The green flag, 3 vols, 1989
Mercer, Derrik (ed.); Chronicle of the 20th century, 1988
Vadney, T.E; The world since 1945, 1992


REGIONS

Africa
Iliffe, John; Africans: the history of a continent, 1995
Pakenham , Thomas; The scramble for Africa 1876-1912, 1991
Ransford, Oliver; The Great Trek, 1972
Reader, John; Africa, a biography of the continent, 1998
Willett, Frank; African Art, 1971

Egypt
Andrews, Carol; Egyptian mummies, 1998
Blue Guide; Egypt, 1983
Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane; Tutankhamen: life and death of a pharaoh, 1965
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985
Lange, Curt and Hirmer, Max; Egypt, 1957
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986

Americas
Bushnell, G.H.S; Ancient Arts of the Americas, 1965

Central America
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Coe, Michael; The Maya, 1980
Davies, Nigel; The Aztecs, 1973
Prescott, William Hickling.; The Conquest of Mexico, 2 vols, 1957
Smith, Bradley; Mexico: a history in art, 1975
Townsend, Richard F.; The Aztecs, 1992

North America
Brogan, Hugh; Longman History of the United States of America, 1985
Josephy, Alvin M.; 500 Nations, an illustrated history of North American Indians, 1995
Kirshon, John W. (ed.) Chronicle of America, 1989

South America
Hemming, John; The conquest of the Incas, 1970
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Moseley, Michael E.; The Incas and their ancestors: the archaeology of Peru, 1992

Asia

China
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Treasures and Dynasties of China, 1963
Genius of China (catalogue of Royal Academy exhibition), 1973
Needham, Joseph; Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 1, 1954
Rawson, Jessica (ed.); The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, 1992
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960
Sullivan, Michael; A short history of Chinese Art, 1967
Watson, Michael; Early Civilization in China, 1966

India
Barrett, Douglas; Indian Painting, 1978
Craven, Roy C.; Indian art: a concise history, 1976
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Great Moghuls, 1971

Iran
Ghirshman, Roman; Iran from the earliest times to the Islamic conquest, 1954
Gray, Basil; Persian Painting, 1977
Xenophon (trans. Rex Warner); The Persian Expedition, 1972

Middle East
Avi-Yonah, Michael (ed.); A History of the Holy Land, 1969
Oppenheim, A.L. (trans.); Letters from Mesopotamia… on clay tablets, 1967
Reade, Julian; Assyrian Sculpture, 1998
Sandars, N.K. (translated by); The Epic of Gilgamesh, 1972

Australasia
Clark, Manning; A History of Australia, 1993
Flannery, Tim; The future eaters: an ecological history of the Australasian lands and people, 1994
Guiart, Jean; The Arts of the South Pacific, 1963
Hughes, Robert; The Fatal Shore, 1987

Europe
Brent, Peter; The Viking Saga, 1975
Gamble, Clive; The Palaeolithic settlement of Europe, 1986
Hale, J.R.; The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, 1993
Weber, Eugen; A Modern History of Europe, 1971

British Isles
Bindman, David (ed.); The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of British Art, 1985
Blue Guide; England, 1980
Blue Guide; Ireland, 1987
Blue Guide; Scotland, 1986
Blue Guide; Wales and the Marches, 1979
Falconer, Keith; Guide to England’s industrial heritage, 1980
Gascoigne, Bamber; Encyclopedia of Britain, 1993
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Heald, Henrietta; Chronicle of Britain, 1992
Holt, Richard; Sport and the British: a modern history, 1989
Keay, John and Julia (eds); Encyclopaedia of Scotland, 1994
Kee, Robert; The green flag, 3 vols, 1989
Kightly, Charles; The customs and ceremonies of Britain, 1986
Lynch, Michael; Scotland: a new history, 1991
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Pounds, N.J.G. The Culture of the English People: iron age to industrial revolution, 1994
Wilding, Norman and Laundy, Philip; An Encyclopedia of Parliament, 1972

France
Burke, Peter; The Fabrication of Louis XIV, 1992
Caesar, Julius (trans. S.A. Handford); The Conquest of Gaul, 1951
Edwards, Stewart; The Paris Commune, 1871, 1972
Harvey, Paul and Heseltine, J.E (eds).; The Oxford Companion to French Literature, 1969
Hatton, Ragnhild; Louis XIV and his world, 1972
Hibbert, Christopher: The French Revolution, 1980 Taylor, Basil: French Painting, 1951

Germany
Bullock, Alan; Hitler: a study in tyranny, 1962
Garland, Henry and Mary; The Oxford Companion to German Literature, 1986
Menzhausen, Ingelore; Early Meissen Porcelain in Dresden, 1990

Greece
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Cook, B.F.; The Elgin marbles, 1984
Fitton, J. Lesley; Cycladic Art, 1989
Fontenrose, Joseph; The Delphic oracle : its responses and operations, 1978
Thucydides (trans. Rex Warner); History of the Peloponnesian War, 1954

Italy
Borsook, Eve; The Companion Guide to Florence, 1979
Hale, J.R.; Florence and the Medici, 1977
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Honour, Hugh; The Companion Guide to Venice, 1977
Murray, Peter; Architecture of Italian Renaissance, 1969
Trease, Robert Geoffrey; The Condottieri , 1970

   Rome
   Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
   Cicero (translated by Michael Grant); Selected political speeches, 1973
   Grant, Michael; History of Rome, 1978
   Masson, Georgina; The companion guide to Rome, 1972
   Plutarch (trans. Rex Warner); Fall of the Roman republic, 1972
   Tacitus, translated by Michael Grant; The Annals of Imperial Rome, 1975

Russia
Figes, Orlando; A People's Tragedy: the Russian Revolution 1891-1924, 1996


THEMES

Architecture
Fleming, John (et al.); Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, 1991
Gardiner, Stephen; Evolution in the House, 1975
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Grodecki, Louis; Gothic Architecture, 1978
Kubach, Hans Erich; Romanesque Architecture, 1988
Michell, George (ed); Architecture of the Islamic World, 1978
Michell, George; The Penguin guide to the monuments of India, 2 vols, 1989
Murray, Peter; Architecture of Italian Renaissance, 1969
Norberg-Schulz, Christian; Baroque Architecture, 1979
Pevsner, Nikolaus; A history of building types, 1976
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960

Art
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
Barrett, Douglas; Indian Painting, 1978
Bennett, Bonnie A. and Wilkins, David G.; Donatello, 1984
Bindman, David (ed.); The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of British Art, 1985
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Clark, Kenneth; Civilisation, 1971
Clark, Kenneth; The nude: a study of ideal art, 1976
Cook, B.F.; The Elgin marbles, 1984
Craven, Roy C.; Indian art: a concise history, 1976
de Hamel, Christopher; A history of illuminated manuscripts, 1986
Fitton, J. Lesley; Cycladic Art, 1989
Gascoigne Bamber; How To Identify Prints, 1986
Grabar, Andre; The beginnings of Christian Art, 1966
Gray, Basil; Persian Painting, 1977
Groenewegen-Frankfort; Art of the Ancient World, 1971
Guiart, Jean .; The Arts of the South Pacific, 1963
Harthan, John; The history of the illustrated book: the Western tradition, 1981
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Hubert, J. (et al.); Carolingian art, 1970
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985
Osborne, Harold (ed.); The Oxford Companion to Art, 1970
Palol, Pedro de; Early Medieval Art in Spain, 1967
Pignatti, Teresio; Master drawings: from cave art to Picasso, 1982
Piper, David; Great traditions: the history of painting and sculpture, 1981
Rawson, Jessica (ed.); The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, 1992
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960
Smith, Bradley; Mexico: a history in art, 1975
Sullivan, Michael; A short history of Chinese Art, 1967
Taylor, Basil: French Painting, 1951
Willett, Frank; African Art, 1971

Biography
Almedingen, E.M; Charlemagne, 1968
Bullock, Alan; Hitler: a study in tyranny, 1962
Burke, Peter; The Fabrication of Louis XIV, 1992
Hatton, Ragnhild; Louis XIV and his world, 1972
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Lane-Fox, Robin; Alexander the Great, 1973
Longford, Elizabeth; Victoria R.I., 1964
McLynn, Frank:; Napoleon: a biography, 1997
Millar, David (et al.); Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989
Nicolaievsky, Boris; Karl Marx: Man and Fighter, 1976
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Scarisbrick, J.J.; Henry VIII, 1968
Simon, Jacob (ed.); Handel: a Celebration of his Life and Times, 1985
Williams, T.I. (ed.); A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, 1969

Decorative arts
Boucher, François; History of costume in the West, 1965
Fleming, John and Honour, Hugh; The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts, 1977
Harden, D.B.; Glass of the Caesars, 1987
Harris, Jennifer (ed.); 5000 years of textiles, 1993
Lee, Lawrence (et al.); Stained glass,1976
Menzhausen, Ingelore; Early Meissen Porcelain in Dresden, 1990
Newman, Harold; An illustrated dictionary of glass, 1977
Savage, George and Newman, Harold; An Illustrated Dictionary of Ceramics, 1976
Scott, Philippa; The Book of Silk, 1993

Literature
Drabble, Margaret (ed.); The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 1985
Garland, Henry and Mary; The Oxford Companion to German Literature, 1986
Harvey, Paul and Heseltine, J.E (eds).; The Oxford Companion to French Literature, 1969
Russell, Bertrand; History of Western philosophy, 1961
Sandars, N.K. (translated by); The Epic of Gilgamesh, 1972
Wynne-Davies, Marion (ed.); Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature, 1989

Medicine
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Ring, Malvin; Dentistry, 1985
Rutkow, Ira; Surgery, 1993

Museums and Libraries
Barker, Nicholas (and curatorial staff); Treasures of the British Library, 1988
Caygill, Marjorie; Treasures of the British Museum, 1985
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985

Performing Arts
Chujoy, Anatole and Manchester, P.W.; The Dance Encylopedia, 1967
Gascoigne, Bamber; World Theatre, 1968
Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.); The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1972
Kennedy, Michael; The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, 1980
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Rosenthal, Harold and Warrack, John; The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 1980
Sadie, Stanley (ed.); The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians, 1981
Simon, Jacob (ed.); Handel: a Celebration of his Life and Times, 1985

Religion
Attwater, Donald; A Dictionary of Saints, 1965
Chadwick, Henry; The Early Church, 1967
Eliade, Mircea; From Primitives to Zen: a thematic sourcebook of the history of religions, 1974
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Christians, 1977
Grabar, Andre; The beginnings of Christian Art, 1966
Grabar, Andre; Byzantium: Byzantine art in the Middle Ages, 1966
Hinnells, John R.; The Penguin Dictionary of Religions, 1984
Sumption, Jonathan; Pilgrimage, 1975

Science and technology
Bronowski, Jacob; The Ascent of Man, 1973
Bruton, Eric; The History of Clocks and Watches, 1979
Daumas, Maurice; History of technology and invention, 3 vols, 1980
de Bono, Edward; Eureka! How and when the greatest inventions were made, 1974
Jones, Steve; The language of the genes: biology, history and the evolutionary future, 1993
Kemp, Peter (ed.); The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea, 1988
Mackworth-Praed, Ben (ed.); Aviation: the pioneer years, 1990
Millar, David (et al.); Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989
Needham, Joseph; Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 1, 1954
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Trinh, Xuan Thuan; The changing universe, 1993
Tsien, Tsuan-Hsuin; Written on Bamboo and Silk, 1962
Williams, T.I. (ed.); A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, 1969

Social and domestic
Benveniste, Emile; Indo-European Language and Society, 1973
Bowman, Alan K.; Life and letters on the Roman frontier, c.1994
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Bruton, Eric; The History of Clocks and Watches, 1979
Clutton-Brock, Juliet; A natural history of domesticated animals, 1987
Davies, Glyn; A History of Money, 1994
Gardiner, Stephen; Evolution in the House, 1975
Gaur, Albertine; A history of writing, 1984
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Holt, Richard; Sport and the British: a modern history, 1989
Kightly, Charles; The customs and ceremonies of Britain, 1986
Mackworth-Praed, Ben (ed.); Aviation: the pioneer years, 1990
Piggott, Stuart; Wagon, chariot and carriage: symbol and status in the history of transport, 1992
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Ring, Malvin; Dentistry, 1985
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986
Sumption, Jonathan; Pilgrimage, 1975
Tsien, Tsuan-Hsuin; Written on Bamboo and Silk, 1962
Williams, Jonathan (ed.); Money: a history, 1997
Ziegler, Philip; The Black Death, 1969

War
Brogan, Patrick; World conflicts: why and where they are happening, 1989
Churchill, Winston; The Second World War, 6 vols, 1948-54
Josephus (trans. G.A. Williamson); The Jewish War, 1970
Keegan, John; A History of Warfare, 1993
Reid, William; Arms through the Ages, 1978


*         *         *         *

Acknowledgements


Since we introduced an effective Feedback system, in October 2009, we have had some very useful messages about our content in HistoryWorld. I am particularly grateful to the following, whose comments have led to amendments in my text. And I hope that anyone else will get in touch who notices a passage where there is a factual error or a lack of balance in interpretation or emphasis.

Taff Davies - on the first French and British settlements in the Falkland Islands
Seifeldin Mustafa Dirar - on the likely origin of the word Nubia
Sowmya Nath - on the controversy about the Arian invasion of India
Rondro Razafindrakoto - on the history of Madagascar
David Roberts - on the discovery at Abydos of the earliest writing in Egypt
Renee Seger - on the date of Nostra Aetate
Kabelo Tsiang - on the career of Katumile Masire

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Example - for a page within the history of Spain

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HistoryWorld — sources


My purpose in HistoryWorld has been to give an overview of world history in a way that tells the central story clearly, through linked narratives, and makes it easy, through timelines, to compare at any period the events happening in different regions of the world.

The facts in the story are all mainstream ones, easily checked in any standard work of reference. In common with other such works of general history, I do not give sources for each paragraph or section (there is no point in backing up with a reference the information that the battle of Waterloo was fought in 1815). Where I have quoted verbatim from a document or another author, the source is given in the text.

Again in common with other works of this kind, I give here a bibliography of the sources that I have used. The backbone of HistoryWorld - the political histories of individual nations - derives largely from information in the Encyclopedia Britannica. The other volumes listed here are mainly on subsidiary themes. The relative lack of works relating to recent times is because many of the histories are as yet incomplete - though all reach at least 1800.

Bamber Gascoigne


*         *         *         *

HistoryWorld — bibliography


GENERAL

Barraclough, Geoffrey (ed.); The Times Atlas of World History, 1978
Bullock, Alan and Stallybrass, Oliver: The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought, 1978
Clark, Kenneth; Civilisation, 1971
Encyclopedia Britannica (editions 1972, 1976 and online)
Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (ed.); The Times Atlas of World Exploration, 1991
Goudsblom, Johan; Fire and Civilization, 1994
Grenville, J.A.S.; A History of the World in the Twentieth Century, 2 vols, 1997
Hutchinson Chronology of World History, 4 vols, 1999
Ponting, Clive; A green history of the world, 1991
Roberts, J.M.; Penguin History of the World, 1990
Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 1969

PERIODS

Prehistory and archaeology
Clark, Grahame; Economic prehistory: papers on archaeology, 1989
Gamble, Clive; The Palaeolithic settlement of Europe, 1986
Magnusson, Magnus; BC: The archaeology of the bible lands, 1977
Mellaart, James; Catal Huyuk: a Neolithic town in Anatolia, 1967
Mellaart, James; The Neolithic of the Near East, 1975
Moseley, Michael E.; The Incas and their ancestors: the archaeology of Peru, 1992
Robbins, Laurence; The Archaeologist's Eye, 1990
Scarre, Chris (ed.); Past worlds: the Times atlas of archaeology, 1988
Spindler, Konrad; The Man in the Ice, 1994
Stringer, C. and Gamble, C; In search of the Neanderthals, 1993
Walker, Alan & Shipman, Pat; The wisdom of bones: in search of human origins, 1997

Ancient World
Andrews, Carol; Egyptian mummies, 1998
Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
Bowman, Alan K.; Life and letters on the Roman frontier, c.1994
Bushnell, G.H.S; Ancient Arts of the Americas, 1965
Caesar, Julius (trans. S.A. Handford); The Conquest of Gaul, 1951
Chadwick, Henry; The Early Church, 1967
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Cotterell, Arthur (ed.); The Penguin encyclopedia of ancient civilizatons, 1980
Cotterell, Arthur (ed.); The Penguin encyclopedia of classical civilizations, 1993
Fontenrose, Joseph; The Delphic oracle : its responses and operations, 1978
Grant, Michael; The ancient historians, 1970
Groenewegen-Frankfort; Art of the Ancient World, 1971
Hammond, N.G.L. and Scullard, H.H. (eds); The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 1970
Harden, D.B.; Glass of the Caesars, 1987
Herodotus (trans. Aubrey de Sélincourt); The Histories, 1972
Josephus (trans. G.A. Williamson); The Jewish War, 1970
Lane-Fox, Robin; Alexander the Great, 1973
Maisels, Charles Keith; The emergence of civilization, 1990
Oppenheim, A.L. (trans.); Letters from Mesopotamia… on clay tablets, 1967
Pettinato, Giovanni; Ebla: a new look at history, 1991
Plutarch (trans. Rex Warner); Fall of the Roman republic, 1972
Reade, Julian; Assyrian Sculpture, 1998
Saggs, H.W.F; Civilization before Greece & Rome, 1989
Scullard, H.H.; The elephant in the Greek and Roman world, 1974
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986
Tacitus, translated by Michael Grant; The Annals of Imperial Rome, 1975
Thucydides (trans. Rex Warner); History of the Peloponnesian War, 1954
Watson, Michael; Early Civilization in China, 1966
Xenophon (trans. Rex Warner); The Persian Expedition, 1972

Middle Ages
Almedingen, E.M; Charlemagne, 1968
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Brent, Peter; The Viking Saga, 1975
Campbell, Tony; Early Maps, c.1981
Coe, Michael; The Maya, 1980
Davies, Nigel; The Aztecs, 1973
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Grabar, Andre; Byzantium: Byzantine art in the Middle Ages, 1966
Grodecki, Louis; Gothic Architecture, 1978
Haussig, H.W.; a History of Byzantine Civilization, 1971
Hubert, J. (et al.); Carolingian art, 1970
Kubach, Hans Erich; Romanesque Architecture, 1988
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Norwich, John Julius; Byzantium: the early centuries, 1988
Norwich, John Julius; Byzantium: the apogee, 1991
Palol, Pedro de; Early Medieval Art in Spain, 1967
Runciman, Steven; A History of the Crusades, 3 vols, 1951-4
Ziegler, Philip; The Black Death, 1969

Renaissance
Bennett, Bonnie A. and Wilkins, David G.; Donatello, 1984
Hale, J.R.; Florence and the Medici, 1977
Hale, J.R.; The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, 1993
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Hemming, John; The conquest of the Incas, 1970
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Murray, Peter; Architecture of the Italian Renaissance, 1969
Prescott, William Hickling.; The Conquest of Mexico, 2 vols, 1957
Scarisbrick, J.J.; Henry VIII, 1968
Trease, Robert Geoffrey; The Condottieri , 1970

16th-19th century
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Edwards, Stewart; The Paris Commune, 1871, 1972
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Great Moghuls, 1971
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Hibbert, Christopher: The French Revolution, 1980
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Longford, Elizabeth; Victoria R.I., 1964
McLynn, Frank:; Napoleon: a biography, 1997
Nicolaievsky, Boris; Karl Marx: Man and Fighter, 1976
Norberg-Schulz, Christian; Baroque Architecture, 1979
Pakenham , Thomas; The scramble for Africa 1876-1912, 1991
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Thomas, Hugh: The slave trade: the history of the Atlantic slave trade, 1997

Since 1900
Brogan, Patrick; World conflicts: why and where they are happening, 1989
Calvocoressi, Peter; World Politics since 1945, 1982
Churchill, Winston; The Second World War, 6 vols, 1948-54
Figes, Orlando; A People's Tragedy: the Russian Revolution 1891-1924, 1996
Gilbert, Martin; History of the twentieth century, 2001
Isaacs, Jeremy and Downing, Taylor; Cold War, 1998
Kee, Robert; The green flag, 3 vols, 1989
Mercer, Derrik (ed.); Chronicle of the 20th century, 1988
Vadney, T.E; The world since 1945, 1992


REGIONS

Africa
Iliffe, John; Africans: the history of a continent, 1995
Pakenham , Thomas; The scramble for Africa 1876-1912, 1991
Ransford, Oliver; The Great Trek, 1972
Reader, John; Africa, a biography of the continent, 1998
Willett, Frank; African Art, 1971

Egypt
Andrews, Carol; Egyptian mummies, 1998
Blue Guide; Egypt, 1983
Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane; Tutankhamen: life and death of a pharaoh, 1965
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985
Lange, Curt and Hirmer, Max; Egypt, 1957
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986

Americas
Bushnell, G.H.S; Ancient Arts of the Americas, 1965

Central America
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Coe, Michael; The Maya, 1980
Davies, Nigel; The Aztecs, 1973
Prescott, William Hickling.; The Conquest of Mexico, 2 vols, 1957
Smith, Bradley; Mexico: a history in art, 1975
Townsend, Richard F.; The Aztecs, 1992

North America
Brogan, Hugh; Longman History of the United States of America, 1985
Josephy, Alvin M.; 500 Nations, an illustrated history of North American Indians, 1995
Kirshon, John W. (ed.) Chronicle of America, 1989

South America
Hemming, John; The conquest of the Incas, 1970
Morris, Craig and von Hagen, Adriana; The Inka Empire and its Andean origins, 1993
Moseley, Michael E.; The Incas and their ancestors: the archaeology of Peru, 1992

Asia

China
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Treasures and Dynasties of China, 1963
Genius of China (catalogue of Royal Academy exhibition), 1973
Needham, Joseph; Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 1, 1954
Rawson, Jessica (ed.); The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, 1992
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960
Sullivan, Michael; A short history of Chinese Art, 1967
Watson, Michael; Early Civilization in China, 1966

India
Barrett, Douglas; Indian Painting, 1978
Craven, Roy C.; Indian art: a concise history, 1976
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Great Moghuls, 1971

Iran
Ghirshman, Roman; Iran from the earliest times to the Islamic conquest, 1954
Gray, Basil; Persian Painting, 1977
Xenophon (trans. Rex Warner); The Persian Expedition, 1972

Middle East
Avi-Yonah, Michael (ed.); A History of the Holy Land, 1969
Oppenheim, A.L. (trans.); Letters from Mesopotamia… on clay tablets, 1967
Reade, Julian; Assyrian Sculpture, 1998
Sandars, N.K. (translated by); The Epic of Gilgamesh, 1972

Australasia
Clark, Manning; A History of Australia, 1993
Flannery, Tim; The future eaters: an ecological history of the Australasian lands and people, 1994
Guiart, Jean; The Arts of the South Pacific, 1963
Hughes, Robert; The Fatal Shore, 1987

Europe
Brent, Peter; The Viking Saga, 1975
Gamble, Clive; The Palaeolithic settlement of Europe, 1986
Hale, J.R.; The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, 1993
Weber, Eugen; A Modern History of Europe, 1971

British Isles
Bindman, David (ed.); The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of British Art, 1985
Blue Guide; England, 1980
Blue Guide; Ireland, 1987
Blue Guide; Scotland, 1986
Blue Guide; Wales and the Marches, 1979
Falconer, Keith; Guide to England’s industrial heritage, 1980
Gascoigne, Bamber; Encyclopedia of Britain, 1993
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Heald, Henrietta; Chronicle of Britain, 1992
Holt, Richard; Sport and the British: a modern history, 1989
Keay, John and Julia (eds); Encyclopaedia of Scotland, 1994
Kee, Robert; The green flag, 3 vols, 1989
Kightly, Charles; The customs and ceremonies of Britain, 1986
Lynch, Michael; Scotland: a new history, 1991
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Pounds, N.J.G. The Culture of the English People: iron age to industrial revolution, 1994
Wilding, Norman and Laundy, Philip; An Encyclopedia of Parliament, 1972

France
Burke, Peter; The Fabrication of Louis XIV, 1992
Caesar, Julius (trans. S.A. Handford); The Conquest of Gaul, 1951
Edwards, Stewart; The Paris Commune, 1871, 1972
Harvey, Paul and Heseltine, J.E (eds).; The Oxford Companion to French Literature, 1969
Hatton, Ragnhild; Louis XIV and his world, 1972
Hibbert, Christopher: The French Revolution, 1980 Taylor, Basil: French Painting, 1951

Germany
Bullock, Alan; Hitler: a study in tyranny, 1962
Garland, Henry and Mary; The Oxford Companion to German Literature, 1986
Menzhausen, Ingelore; Early Meissen Porcelain in Dresden, 1990

Greece
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Cook, B.F.; The Elgin marbles, 1984
Fitton, J. Lesley; Cycladic Art, 1989
Fontenrose, Joseph; The Delphic oracle : its responses and operations, 1978
Thucydides (trans. Rex Warner); History of the Peloponnesian War, 1954

Italy
Borsook, Eve; The Companion Guide to Florence, 1979
Hale, J.R.; Florence and the Medici, 1977
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Honour, Hugh; The Companion Guide to Venice, 1977
Murray, Peter; Architecture of Italian Renaissance, 1969
Trease, Robert Geoffrey; The Condottieri , 1970

   Rome
   Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
   Cicero (translated by Michael Grant); Selected political speeches, 1973
   Grant, Michael; History of Rome, 1978
   Masson, Georgina; The companion guide to Rome, 1972
   Plutarch (trans. Rex Warner); Fall of the Roman republic, 1972
   Tacitus, translated by Michael Grant; The Annals of Imperial Rome, 1975

Russia
Figes, Orlando; A People's Tragedy: the Russian Revolution 1891-1924, 1996


THEMES

Architecture
Fleming, John (et al.); Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, 1991
Gardiner, Stephen; Evolution in the House, 1975
Gascoigne, Christina; Castles of Britain, 1975
Grodecki, Louis; Gothic Architecture, 1978
Kubach, Hans Erich; Romanesque Architecture, 1988
Michell, George (ed); Architecture of the Islamic World, 1978
Michell, George; The Penguin guide to the monuments of India, 2 vols, 1989
Murray, Peter; Architecture of Italian Renaissance, 1969
Norberg-Schulz, Christian; Baroque Architecture, 1979
Pevsner, Nikolaus; A history of building types, 1976
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960

Art
Anton, Ferdinand; Art of the Maya, 1970
Bandinelli, R.B.; Rome, the late empire: Roman art AD 200-400, 1971
Barrett, Douglas; Indian Painting, 1978
Bennett, Bonnie A. and Wilkins, David G.; Donatello, 1984
Bindman, David (ed.); The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of British Art, 1985
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Archaic Greek art, 620-480 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Classical Greek art, 480-330 BC, 1971
Charbonneaux, Jean (et al.); Hellenistic art, 330-50 BC, 1971
Clark, Kenneth; Civilisation, 1971
Clark, Kenneth; The nude: a study of ideal art, 1976
Cook, B.F.; The Elgin marbles, 1984
Craven, Roy C.; Indian art: a concise history, 1976
de Hamel, Christopher; A history of illuminated manuscripts, 1986
Fitton, J. Lesley; Cycladic Art, 1989
Gascoigne Bamber; How To Identify Prints, 1986
Grabar, Andre; The beginnings of Christian Art, 1966
Gray, Basil; Persian Painting, 1977
Groenewegen-Frankfort; Art of the Ancient World, 1971
Guiart, Jean .; The Arts of the South Pacific, 1963
Harthan, John; The history of the illustrated book: the Western tradition, 1981
Hartt, Frederick; History of Italian Renaissance art, 1970
Hubert, J. (et al.); Carolingian art, 1970
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985
Osborne, Harold (ed.); The Oxford Companion to Art, 1970
Palol, Pedro de; Early Medieval Art in Spain, 1967
Pignatti, Teresio; Master drawings: from cave art to Picasso, 1982
Piper, David; Great traditions: the history of painting and sculpture, 1981
Rawson, Jessica (ed.); The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, 1992
Sickman, Laurence C.S.; The Art and Architecture of China, 1960
Smith, Bradley; Mexico: a history in art, 1975
Sullivan, Michael; A short history of Chinese Art, 1967
Taylor, Basil: French Painting, 1951
Willett, Frank; African Art, 1971

Biography
Almedingen, E.M; Charlemagne, 1968
Bullock, Alan; Hitler: a study in tyranny, 1962
Burke, Peter; The Fabrication of Louis XIV, 1992
Hatton, Ragnhild; Louis XIV and his world, 1972
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Lane-Fox, Robin; Alexander the Great, 1973
Longford, Elizabeth; Victoria R.I., 1964
McLynn, Frank:; Napoleon: a biography, 1997
Millar, David (et al.); Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989
Nicolaievsky, Boris; Karl Marx: Man and Fighter, 1976
Pepys, Samuel (ed. Henry B. Wheatley); The Diary, 10 vols, 1904
Scarisbrick, J.J.; Henry VIII, 1968
Simon, Jacob (ed.); Handel: a Celebration of his Life and Times, 1985
Williams, T.I. (ed.); A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, 1969

Decorative arts
Boucher, François; History of costume in the West, 1965
Fleming, John and Honour, Hugh; The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts, 1977
Harden, D.B.; Glass of the Caesars, 1987
Harris, Jennifer (ed.); 5000 years of textiles, 1993
Lee, Lawrence (et al.); Stained glass,1976
Menzhausen, Ingelore; Early Meissen Porcelain in Dresden, 1990
Newman, Harold; An illustrated dictionary of glass, 1977
Savage, George and Newman, Harold; An Illustrated Dictionary of Ceramics, 1976
Scott, Philippa; The Book of Silk, 1993

Literature
Drabble, Margaret (ed.); The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 1985
Garland, Henry and Mary; The Oxford Companion to German Literature, 1986
Harvey, Paul and Heseltine, J.E (eds).; The Oxford Companion to French Literature, 1969
Russell, Bertrand; History of Western philosophy, 1961
Sandars, N.K. (translated by); The Epic of Gilgamesh, 1972
Wynne-Davies, Marion (ed.); Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature, 1989

Medicine
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Ring, Malvin; Dentistry, 1985
Rutkow, Ira; Surgery, 1993

Museums and Libraries
Barker, Nicholas (and curatorial staff); Treasures of the British Library, 1988
Caygill, Marjorie; Treasures of the British Museum, 1985
James, T.G.H.; Egyptian painting and drawing in the British Museum, 1985

Performing Arts
Chujoy, Anatole and Manchester, P.W.; The Dance Encylopedia, 1967
Gascoigne, Bamber; World Theatre, 1968
Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.); The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1972
Kennedy, Michael; The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, 1980
Landon, H.C. Robbins; Mozart: the golden years 1781-1791, 1989
Rosenthal, Harold and Warrack, John; The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 1980
Sadie, Stanley (ed.); The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians, 1981
Simon, Jacob (ed.); Handel: a Celebration of his Life and Times, 1985

Religion
Attwater, Donald; A Dictionary of Saints, 1965
Chadwick, Henry; The Early Church, 1967
Eliade, Mircea; From Primitives to Zen: a thematic sourcebook of the history of religions, 1974
Gascoigne, Bamber; The Christians, 1977
Grabar, Andre; The beginnings of Christian Art, 1966
Grabar, Andre; Byzantium: Byzantine art in the Middle Ages, 1966
Hinnells, John R.; The Penguin Dictionary of Religions, 1984
Sumption, Jonathan; Pilgrimage, 1975

Science and technology
Bronowski, Jacob; The Ascent of Man, 1973
Bruton, Eric; The History of Clocks and Watches, 1979
Daumas, Maurice; History of technology and invention, 3 vols, 1980
de Bono, Edward; Eureka! How and when the greatest inventions were made, 1974
Jones, Steve; The language of the genes: biology, history and the evolutionary future, 1993
Kemp, Peter (ed.); The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea, 1988
Mackworth-Praed, Ben (ed.); Aviation: the pioneer years, 1990
Millar, David (et al.); Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989
Needham, Joseph; Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 1, 1954
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Trinh, Xuan Thuan; The changing universe, 1993
Tsien, Tsuan-Hsuin; Written on Bamboo and Silk, 1962
Williams, T.I. (ed.); A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, 1969

Social and domestic
Benveniste, Emile; Indo-European Language and Society, 1973
Bowman, Alan K.; Life and letters on the Roman frontier, c.1994
Brown, Christopher; Scenes of Everyday Life: Dutch genre painting of the seventeenth century, 1984
Bruton, Eric; The History of Clocks and Watches, 1979
Clutton-Brock, Juliet; A natural history of domesticated animals, 1987
Davies, Glyn; A History of Money, 1994
Gardiner, Stephen; Evolution in the House, 1975
Gaur, Albertine; A history of writing, 1984
Hay, Douglas (et al.); Albion's fatal tree: crime and society in eighteenth-century England, 1976
Holt, Richard; Sport and the British: a modern history, 1989
Kightly, Charles; The customs and ceremonies of Britain, 1986
Mackworth-Praed, Ben (ed.); Aviation: the pioneer years, 1990
Piggott, Stuart; Wagon, chariot and carriage: symbol and status in the history of transport, 1992
Porter, Roy; The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from Antiquity to the present, 1999
Ring, Malvin; Dentistry, 1985
Stead, Miriam; Egyptian life, c.1986
Sumption, Jonathan; Pilgrimage, 1975
Tsien, Tsuan-Hsuin; Written on Bamboo and Silk, 1962
Williams, Jonathan (ed.); Money: a history, 1997
Ziegler, Philip; The Black Death, 1969

War
Brogan, Patrick; World conflicts: why and where they are happening, 1989
Churchill, Winston; The Second World War, 6 vols, 1948-54
Josephus (trans. G.A. Williamson); The Jewish War, 1970
Keegan, John; A History of Warfare, 1993
Reid, William; Arms through the Ages, 1978


*         *         *         *

Acknowledgements


Since we introduced an effective Feedback system, in October 2009, we have had some very useful messages about our content in HistoryWorld. I am particularly grateful to the following, whose comments have led to amendments in my text. And I hope that anyone else will get in touch who notices a passage where there is a factual error or a lack of balance in interpretation or emphasis.

Taff Davies - on the first French and British settlements in the Falkland Islands
Seifeldin Mustafa Dirar - on the likely origin of the word Nubia
Sowmya Nath - on the controversy about the Arian invasion of India
Rondro Razafindrakoto - on the history of Madagascar
David Roberts - on the discovery at Abydos of the earliest writing in Egypt
Renee Seger - on the date of Nostra Aetate
Kabelo Tsiang - on the career of Katumile Masire

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