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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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James Stuart
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(1688–1766) Son of *James II and Mary of Modena, known as the Old Pretender (but by *Jacobites as James VIII and III). His birth raised the possibility of a Roman Catholic succession and provoked the *Revolution of 1688. Growing up in France, and living the later part of his life in Rome, he was known to his Jacobite supporters as the 'king over the water'. On several occasions he made preparations to recover his father's throne by force, but he only set foot in Britain during the brief *'15 Rebellion. From the 1740s he left the furtherance of the Jacobite cause to his son, Charles Edward *Stuart.
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