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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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Oliver Heaviside
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(1850–1925)
Self-taught English physicist whose only gainful employment was 14 years as a telegrapher. His speculations on electricity were of importance in several fields, but he is best remembered for having postulated the existence of the ionosphere to explain the working of long-distance radio telegraphy. It was known at first as the Heaviside layer (or the Kennelly-Heaviside layer, having been independently proposed by A.E. Kennelly in the USA). Its existence was first demonstrated in 1924 by *Appleton.
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