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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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fingerprints
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The use of fingerprint classification for criminals was introduced by the British in India in 1897, and subsequently at *Scotland Yard in 1901. It was first proposed theoretically in 1880 that every person had a unique fingerprint. Francis *Galton verified this through systematic studies, for which he used a classification system based on arches, loops and whorls (Finger Prints 1892). Galton's method was improved by the inspector general of police in Bengal, Edward Henry (1850–1931), and it was the Henry system which became standard throughout most of the world (Spanish-speaking countries are the exception, using the Vucetich system).
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