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| c. 600 BC |
| | Phoenicians sail round the Cape of Good Hope and bring back the surprising news that the sun was seen to the north of them | |
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| 1488 |
| | Bartolomeu Dias, sailing for the king of Portugal, becomes the first European navigator to round the Cape of Good Hope | |
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| 1498 |
| | Vasco da Gama reaches the southern coast of India, at Calicut, after sailing across the Indian Ocean from east Africa | |
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| 1652 |
| | Jan van Riebeeck establishes a Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope | |
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| 1657 |
| | The Dutch in South Africa purchase slaves to do domestic and agricultural work | |
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| c. 1775 |
| | Dutch nomads, pressing far north from Cape Town, become known as the Trekboers | |
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| 1795 |
| | With the Dutch entering the war on the side of the French, Britain seizes their valuable Cape colony in South Africa | |
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| 1802 |
| | The Treaty of Amiens restores the Cape of Good Hope to the Netherlands | |
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| 1806 |
| | The British recapture the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch | |
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| 1809 |
| | The British impose the so-called Hottentot Code, protecting Africans at the Cape but also tying them to employers' farms | |
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