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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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Richard I
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(1157–99) King of England from 1189; third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; married Berengaria of Navarre in 1191. Growing up largely in his mother's province of Aquitaine in southwest France, and spending not more than six months in England during his entire 10-year reign, his link with the country was minimal – apart from exhausting its finances, first to raise an army for the third *crusade and then to pay a massive ransom after he had been captured on his journey home. Nevertheless his skill and courage in warfare made him a hero in his own time, as reflected in his nickname Coeur de Lion (Lionheart) and in the later legend of *Blondel. Having no children, he was succeeded on the throne by his brother *John (see the *royal house).
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